Sudo plugin API

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Todd C. Miller
2010-02-20 09:30:27 -05:00
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=pod
=head1 Sudo Plugin API
Starting with version 1.8, B<sudo> supports a plugin API
for policy and session logging. By default, the I<sudoers> policy
plugin and an associated I/O logging plugin are used. Via the plugin
API, B<sudo> can be configured to use alternate policy and/or I/O
logging plugins provided by third parties. The plugins to be used
are specified via the F</etc/sudo.conf> file.
The API is versioned with a major and minor number. The minor
version number is incremented when additions are made. The major
number is incremented when incompatible changes are made. A plugin
should be check the version passed to it and make sure that the
major version matches.
The plugin API is defined by the C<sudo_plugin.h> header file.
=head2 The sudo.conf File
The F</etc/sudo.conf> file contains plugin configuration directives.
Currently, the only supported keyword is the C<Plugin> directive,
which causes a plugin plugin to be loaded.
A C<Plugin> line consists of the C<Plugin> keyword, followed by the
I<symbol_name> and the I<path> to the shared object containing the
plugin. The I<symbol_name> is the name of the C<struct policy_plugin>
or C<struct io_plugin> in the plugin shared object. The I<path>
may be fully qualified or relative. If not fully qualified it is
relative to the $prefix/libexec directory where the prefix is
specified at build time (/usr/local by default).
The same shared object may contain multiple plugins, each with a
different symbol name. The shared object file must be owned by uid
0 and only writable by its owner. Because of ambiguities that arise
from composite policies, only a single policy plugin may be specified.
This limitation does not apply to I/O plugins.
#
# Default /etc/sudo.conf file
#
# Format:
# Plugin plugin_name plugin_path
#
# The plugin_path relative to prefix/libexec unless fully qualified
# The plugin_name corresponds to a global symbol in the plugin
# that contains the plugin interface.
#
Plugin policy_plugin sudoers.so
Plugin io_plugin sudoers.so
=head2 Policy Plugin API
A policy plugin must declare and populate a C<policy_plugin> struct
in the global scope. This structure contains pointers to the functions
that implement the B<sudo> policy checks. The name of the symbol should
be specified in F</etc/sudo.conf> along with a path to the plugin
so that B<sudo> can load it.
struct policy_plugin {
#define SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN 1
unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN */
unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation,
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error);
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
int (*check_policy)(int agrc, char * const argv[],
char *env_add[], char **command_info[],
char **argv_out[], char **user_env_out[]);
int (*list)(int argc, char * const argv[], int verbose,
const char *list_user);
int (*validate)(void);
void (*invalidate)(int remove);
};
The policy_plugin struct has the following fields:
=over 4
=item type
The C<type> field should always be set to SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN
=item version
The C<version> field should be set to SUDO_API_VERSION.
This allows B<sudo> to determine the API version the plugin was
built against.
=item open
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation,
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure and -1 on error.
On error, the plugin may optionally call the conversation function with
C<SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG> to present additional error information to the
user.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item version
The version passed in by B<sudo> allows the plugin to determine the
major and minor version number of the plugin API supported by
B<sudo>.
=item conversation
A pointer to the conversation function that can be used by the
plugin to interact with the user (see below).
=item settings
A vector of user-supplied B<sudo> settings in the form of "name=value"
strings. The vector is terminated by a C<NULL> pointer. These
settings correspond to flags the user specified when running B<sudo>.
As such, they will only be present when the corresponding flag has
been specified on the command line.
When parsing I<settings>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
=over 4
=item runas_user=string
The user name or uid to to run the command as, if specified via the
C<-u> flag.
=item runas_group=string
The group name or gid to to run the command as, if specified via
the C<-g> flag.
=item prompt=string
The prompt to use when requesting a password, if specified via
the C<-p> flag.
=item set_home=bool
Set to true if the user specified the C<-H> flag. If true, set the
C<HOME> environment variable to the target user's home directory.
=item preserve_environment=bool
Set to true if the user specified the C<-E> flag, indicating that
the user wishes to preserve the environment.
=item login_shell=bool
Set to true if the user specified the C<-i> flag, indicating that
the user wishes to run a login shell.
=item preserve_groups=bool
Set to true if the user specified the C<-P> flag, indicating that
the user wishes to preserve the group vector instead of setting it
based on the runas user.
=item ignore_ticket=bool
Set to true if the user specified the C<-k> flag along with a
command, indicating that the user wishes to ignore any cached
authentication credentials.
=item login_class=string
BSD login class to use when setting resource limits and nice value,
if specified by the C<-c> flag.
=item selinux_role=string
SELinux role to use when executing the command, if specified by
the C<-r> flag.
=item selinux_type=string
SELinux type to use when executing the command, if specified by
the C<-t> flag.
=item bsdauth_type=string
Authentication type, if specified by the C<-a> flag, to use on
systems where BSD authentication is supported.
=back
Additional settings may be added in the future so the plugin should
silently ignore settings that it does not recognize.
=item user_info
A vector of information about the user running the command in the form of
"name=value" strings. The vector is terminated by a C<NULL> pointer.
When parsing I<user_info>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
=over 4
=item user=string
The name of the user invoking B<sudo>.
=item uid=uid_t
The real user ID of the user invoking B<sudo>.
=item gid=gid_t
The real group ID of the user invoking B<sudo>.
=item groups=list
The user's supplementary group list formatted as a string of
comma-separated group IDs.
=item cwd=string
The user's current working directory.
=item tty=string
The path to the user's terminal device. If the user has no terminal
device associated with the session, the value will be empty, as in
C<tty=>.
=item host=string
The local machine's hostname as returned by the C<gethostname()>
system call.
=back
=item user_env
The user's environment in the form of a C<NULL>-terminated vector of
"name=value" strings.
When parsing I<user_env>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
=back
=item close
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error);
The C<close> function is called when the command being run by B<sudo>
finishes.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item exit_status
The command's exit status, as returned by the wait(2) system call.
The value of C<exit_status> is undefined if C<error> is non-zero.
=item error
If the command could not be executed, this is set to the value of
C<errno> set by the execve(2) system call. The plugin is responsible
for displaying error information via the conversation function. If
the command was successfully executed, the value of C<error> is 0.
=back
=item show_version
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
The C<show_version> function is called by B<sudo> when the user specifies
the C<-V> option. The plugin may display its version information
to the user via the conversation function using C<SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG>.
If the user requests detailed version information, the verbose flag
will be set.
=item check_policy
int (*check_policy)(int argc, char * const argv[]
char *env_add[], char **command_info[],
char **argv_out[], char **user_env_out[]);
The I<check_policy> function is called by B<sudo> to determine
whether the user is allowed to run the specified commands.
Returns 1 if the command is allowed, 0 if not and -1 on error.
On error, the plugin may optionally call the conversation function with
C<SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG> to present additional error information to the
user.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item argc
The number of elements in I<argv>, not counting the final C<NULL>
pointer.
=item argv
The argument vector describing the command the user wishes to run,
in the same form as what would be passed to the execve() system
call. The vector is terminated by a C<NULL> pointer.
=item env_add
Additional environment variables specified by the user on the command
line in the form of a C<NULL>-terminated vector of "name=value"
strings. The plugin may reject the command if one or more variables
are not allowed to be set, or it may silently ignore such variables.
When parsing I<env_add>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
=item command_info
Information about the command being run in the form of "name=value"
strings. These values are used by B<sudo> to set the execution
environment when running a command. The plugin is responsible for
creating and populating the vector, which must be terminated with
a C<NULL> pointer. The following values are recognized by B<sudo>:
=over 4
=item command=string
Fully qualified path to the command to be executed.
=item runas_uid=uid
User ID to run the command as.
=item runas_euid=uid
Effective user ID to run the command as.
If not specified, the value of I<runas_uid> is used.
=item runas_gid=gid
Group ID to run the command as.
=item runas_egid=gid
Effective group ID to run the command as.
If not specified, the value of I<runas_gid> is used.
=item runas_groups=list
The supplementary group vector to use for the command in the form
of a comma-separated list of group IDs. If I<preserve_groups>
is set, this option is ignored.
=item login_class=login_class
BSD login class to use when setting resource limits and nice value
(optional). This option is only set on systems that support login
classes.
=item preserve_groups=bool
If set, B<sudo> will preserve the user's group vector instead of
initializing the group vector based on C<runas_user>.
=item cwd=string
The current working directory to change to when executing the command.
=item noexec=bool
If set, prevent the command from executing other programs.
=item chroot=string
The root directory to use when running the command.
=item nice=int
Nice value (priority) to use when executing the command. The nice
value, if specified, overrides the priority associated with the
I<login_class> on BSD systems.
=item umask=octal
The file creation mask to use when executing the command.
=item selinux_role=string
SELinux role to use when executing the command.
=item selinux_type=string
SELinux type to use when executing the command.
=item timeout=int
Command timeout. If non-zero then when the timeout expires the
command will be killed.
=back
Unsupported values will be ignored.
=item argv_out
The C<NULL>-terminated argument vector to pass to the execve()
system call when executing the command. The plugin is responsible
for allocating and populating the vector.
=item user_env_out
The C<NULL>-terminated environment vector to use when executing the
command. The plugin is responsible for allocating and populating
the vector.
=back
=item list
int (*list)(int verbose, const char *list_user,
int argc, char * const argv[]);
List available privileges for the invoking user. Returns 1 on
success, 0 on failure and -1 on error.
On error, the plugin may optionally call the conversation function with
C<SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG> to present additional error information to the
user.
Privileges should be output via the conversation function using
C<SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG>.
=over 4
=item verbose
Flag indicating whether to list in verbose mode or not.
=item list_user
The name of a different user to list privileges for if the policy
allows it. If C<NULL>, the plugin should list the privileges of
the invoking user.
=item argc
The number of elements in I<argv>, not counting the final C<NULL>
pointer.
=item argv
If non-C<NULL>, an argument vector describing a command the user
wishes to check against the policy in the same form as what would
be passed to the execve() system call. If the command is permitted
by the policy, the fully-qualified path to the command should be
displayed along with any command line arguments.
=back
=item validate
int (*validate)(void);
The C<validate> function is called when B<sudo> is run with the
C<-v> flag. For policy plugins such as I<sudoers> that cache
authentication credentials, this function will validate and cache
the credentials.
The C<validate> function should be C<NULL> if the plugin does not
support credential caching.
Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure and -1 on error.
On error, the plugin may optionally call the conversation function with
C<SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG> to present additional error information to the
user.
=item invalidate
void (*invalidate)(int remove);
The C<invalidate> function is called when B<sudo> is called with
the C<-k> or C<-K> flag. For policy plugins such as I<sudoers> that
cache authentication credentials, this function will invalidate the
credentials. If the I<remove> flag is set, the plugin may remove
the credentials instead of simply invalidating them.
The C<invalidate> function should be C<NULL> if the plugin does not
support credential caching.
=back
=head3 Conversation API
If the plugin needs to interact with the user or display informational
or error messages, it may do so via the conversation function. A
plugin should not attempt to read directly from the standard input
or the user's tty.
struct sudo_conv_message {
#define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF 1
#define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_ON 2
#define SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG 3
#define SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG 4
int msg_type;
int timeout;
const char *msg;
};
struct sudo_conv_reply {
char *reply;
};
typedef int (*sudo_conv_t)(int num_msgs,
const struct sudo_conv_message msgs[],
struct sudo_conv_reply replies[]);
A conversation function is passed in to the plugin's C<open> function
when the plugin is initialized. The plugin passes in a C<struct
sudo_conv_message> and C<struct sudo_conv_reply> for each message
in the conversation. The plugin is responsible for freeing the
actual reply buffer in C<struct sudo_conv_reply>.
See the sample plugin for an example of the conversation function usage.
=head2 I/O Plugin API
struct io_plugin {
#define SUDO_IO_PLUGIN 2
unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_IO_PLUGIN */
unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); /* wait status or error */
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
int (*log_input)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
int (*log_output)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
};
When an I/O plugin is loaded, B<sudo> runs the command in a pseudo-tty.
This makes it possible to log the input and output from the user's
session. If the log_input function is defined, it will receive the
raw user input (note that this will include input even when echo
is disabled, such as passwords). The log_output function receives
output from the pseudo-tty that is suitable for replaying the user's
session at a later time. Either log_input or log_output may be
NULL. If the open function returns C<0>, no I/O will be sent to
the plugin.
The io_plugin struct has the following fields:
=over 4
=item type
The C<type> field should always be set to SUDO_IO_PLUGIN
=item version
The C<version> field should be set to SUDO_API_VERSION.
This allows B<sudo> to determine the API version the plugin was
built against.
=item open
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
Returns 1 on success, 0 if the command should not be logged and -1 on error.
On error, the plugin may optionally call the conversation function with
C<SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG> to present additional error information to the
user.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item version
The version passed in by B<sudo> allows the plugin to determine the
major and minor version number of the plugin API supported by
B<sudo>.
=item conversation
A pointer to the conversation function that may be used by the
I<show_version> function to display version information (see
show_version below). The conversation function may also be used
to display additional error message to the user.
=item settings
A vector of user-supplied B<sudo> settings in the form of "name=value"
strings. The vector is terminated by a C<NULL> pointer. These
settings correspond to flags the user specified when running B<sudo>.
As such, they will only be present when the corresponding flag has
been specified on the command line.
When parsing I<settings>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
See the L<Policy Plugin API> section for a list of all possible settings.
=item user_info
A vector of information about the user running the command in the form of
"name=value" strings. The vector is terminated by a C<NULL> pointer.
When parsing I<user_info>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
See the L<Policy Plugin API> section for a list of all possible strings.
=item user_env
The user's environment in the form of a C<NULL>-terminated vector of
"name=value" strings.
When parsing I<user_env>, the plugin should split on the B<first>
equal sign ('=') since the I<name> field will never include one
itself but the I<value> might.
=back
=item close
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error);
The C<close> function is called when the command being run by B<sudo>
finishes.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item exit_status
The command's exit status, as returned by the wait(2) system call.
The value of C<exit_status> is undefined if C<error> is non-zero.
=item error
If the command could not be executed, this is set to the value of
C<errno> set by the execve(2) system call. If the command was
successfully executed, the value of C<error> is 0.
=back
=item show_version
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
The C<show_version> function is called by B<sudo> when the user specifies
the C<-V> option. The plugin may display its version information
to the user via the conversation function using C<SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG>.
If the user requests detailed version information, the verbose flag
will be set.
=item log_input
int (*log_input)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
The I<log_input> function is called whenever data can be read from
the user but before it is passed to the running command. This
allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance
if the input contains banned content). Returns C<1> if the data
should be passed to the command, C<0> if the data is rejected
(which will terminate the command) or C<-1> if an error occurred.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item buf
The buffer containing user input.
=item len
The length of I<buf> in bytes.
=back
=item log_output
int (*log_output)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
The I<log_output> function is called whenever data can be read from
the command but before it is written to the user's terminal. This
allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance
if the input contains banned content). Returns C<1> if the data
should be passed to the user, C<0> if the data is rejected
(which will terminate the command) or C<-1> if an error occurred.
The function arguments are as follows:
=over 4
=item buf
The buffer containing command output.
=item len
The length of I<buf> in bytes.
=back
=back
=head2 Unhandled command line options
The C<-L> command line option has been deprecated as its output is
covered by the I<sudoers> manual page.
=head2 Sudo implementation details
Version macros:
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MAJOR(v) ((v) >> 16)
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MINOR(v) ((v) & 0xffff)
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_SET_MAJOR(vp, n) do { \
*(vp) = (*(vp) & 0x0000ffff) | ((n) << 16); \
} while(0)
#define SUDO_VERSION_SET_MINOR(vp, n) do { \
*(vp) = (*(vp) & 0xffff0000) | (n); \
} while(0)
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR 0
#define SUDO_API_VERSION ((SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR)
Sudo will cast the plugin symbol to the following when determining
the plugin type.
union sudo_plugin {
struct policy_plugin policy;
struct io_plugin io;
};

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef _SUDO_PLUGIN_H
#define _SUDO_PLUGIN_H
/* API version major/minor */
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR 0
#define SUDO_API_VERSION ((SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR)
/* Getters and setters for API version */
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MAJOR(v) ((v) >> 16)
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MINOR(v) ((v) & 0xffff)
#define SUDO_API_VERSION_SET_MAJOR(vp, n) do { \
*(vp) = (*(vp) & 0x0000ffff) | ((n) << 16); \
} while(0)
#define SUDO_VERSION_SET_MINOR(vp, n) do { \
*(vp) = (*(vp) & 0xffff0000) | (n); \
} while(0)
/* Conversation function types and defines */
struct sudo_conv_message {
#define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF 1
#define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_ON 2
#define SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG 3
#define SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG 4
int msg_type;
int timeout;
const char *msg;
};
struct sudo_conv_reply {
char *reply;
};
typedef int (*sudo_conv_t)(int num_msgs, const struct sudo_conv_message msgs[],
struct sudo_conv_reply replies[]);
/* Policy plugin type and defines */
struct policy_plugin {
#define SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN 1
unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN */
unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation,
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); /* wait status or error */
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
int (*check_policy)(int argc, char * const argv[],
char *env_add[], char **command_info[],
char **argv_out[], char **user_env_out[]);
int (*list)(int argc, char * const argv[], int verbose,
const char *list_user);
int (*validate)(void);
void (*invalidate)(int remove);
};
/* I/O plugin type and defines */
struct io_plugin {
#define SUDO_IO_PLUGIN 2
unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_IO_PLUGIN */
unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation,
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); /* wait status or error */
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
int (*log_input)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
int (*log_output)(const char *buf, unsigned int len);
};
/* Internal use only */
struct generic_plugin {
unsigned int type;
unsigned int version;
int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation,
char * const settings[], char * const user_info[],
char * const user_env[]);
void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); /* wait status or error */
int (*show_version)(int verbose);
/* the rest depends on the type... */
};
#endif /* _SUDO_PLUGIN_H */