diff --git a/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meson.build b/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meson.build
index 3d795dd0e..1091651f4 100644
--- a/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meson.build
+++ b/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meson.build
@@ -59,3 +59,19 @@ executable('subsurface-remap-toplevel',
   install: have_installed_tests,
   install_dir: wayland_test_client_installed_tests_libexecdir,
 )
+
+executable('meta-anonymous-file',
+  sources: [
+    'meta-anonymous-file.c',
+    common_sources,
+  ],
+  include_directories: tests_includepath,
+  c_args: tests_c_args,
+  dependencies: [
+    glib_dep,
+    wayland_client_dep,
+    libmutter_dep,
+  ],
+  install: have_installed_tests,
+  install_dir: wayland_test_client_installed_tests_libexecdir,
+)
diff --git a/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meta-anonymous-file.c b/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meta-anonymous-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bf0e2ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/wayland-test-clients/meta-anonymous-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Jonas Dreßler.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <core/meta-anonymous-file.h>
+
+#include "wayland-test-client-utils.h"
+
+#define READONLY_SEALS (F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE)
+
+static const char *teststring = "test string 1234567890";
+
+static int
+test_read_fd_mmap (int         fd,
+                   const char *expected_string)
+{
+  void *mem;
+  int string_size;
+
+  string_size = strlen (expected_string) + 1;
+
+  mem = mmap (NULL, string_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+  g_assert (mem != MAP_FAILED);
+
+  if (strcmp (expected_string, mem) != 0)
+    {
+      munmap (mem, string_size);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  munmap (mem, string_size);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static int
+test_write_fd (int         fd,
+               const char *string)
+{
+  int written_size, string_size;
+
+  string_size = strlen (string) + 1;
+  written_size = write (fd, string, string_size);
+  if (written_size != string_size)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static int
+test_readonly_seals (int fd)
+{
+  unsigned int seals;
+
+  seals = fcntl (fd, F_GET_SEALS);
+  if (seals == -1)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  if (seals != READONLY_SEALS)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static int
+test_write_read (int fd)
+{
+  g_autofree char *new_string = g_uuid_string_random ();
+
+  if (!test_write_fd (fd, new_string))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, new_string))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE)
+static int
+test_open_write_read (const char *path)
+{
+  int fd;
+
+  fd = open (path, O_RDWR);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+
+  if (!test_write_read (fd))
+    {
+      close (fd);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  close (fd);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+main (int    argc,
+      char **argv)
+{
+  MetaAnonymousFile *file;
+  int fd = -1, other_fd = -1;
+  g_autofree char *fd_path = NULL;
+
+  file = meta_anonymous_file_new (strlen (teststring) + 1,
+                                  (const uint8_t *) teststring);
+  if (!file)
+    {
+      g_critical ("%s: Creating file failed", __func__);
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+#if defined(HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE)
+  fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_PRIVATE);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+  other_fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_PRIVATE);
+  g_assert (other_fd != -1);
+
+  /* When MAPMODE_PRIVATE was used, meta_anonymous_file_open_fd() should always
+   * return the same fd. */
+  if (other_fd != fd)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* If memfd_create was used and we request a MAPMODE_PRIVATE file, all the
+   * readonly seals should be set. */
+  if (!test_readonly_seals (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Writing and reading the written data should fail */
+  if (test_write_read (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Instead we should still be reading the teststring */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Opening the fd manually in RW mode and writing to it should fail */
+  fd_path = g_strdup_printf ("/proc/%d/fd/%d", getpid (), fd);
+  if (test_open_write_read (fd_path))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Instead we should still be reading the teststring */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Just to be sure test the other fd, too */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+
+
+  fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_SHARED);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+  other_fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_SHARED);
+  g_assert (other_fd != -1);
+
+  /* The MAPMODE_SHARED fd should not have readonly seals applied */
+  if (test_readonly_seals (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Writing and reading the written data should succeed */
+  if (!test_write_read (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* The other fd should still read the teststring though */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (other_fd);
+
+
+  /* Test an artificial out-of-space situation by setting the maximium file
+   * size this process may create to 2 bytes, if memfd_create with
+   * MAPMODE_PRIVATE is used, everything should still work (the existing FD
+   * should be used). */
+  struct rlimit limit = {2, 2};
+  if (setrlimit (RLIMIT_FSIZE, &limit) == -1)
+    goto fail;
+
+  fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_PRIVATE);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+#else
+  fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_PRIVATE);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+  other_fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_PRIVATE);
+  g_assert (other_fd != -1);
+
+  if (test_readonly_seals (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Writing and reading the written data should succeed */
+  if (!test_write_read (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* The other fd should still read the teststring though */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (other_fd);
+
+
+  fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_SHARED);
+  g_assert (fd != -1);
+  other_fd = meta_anonymous_file_open_fd (file, META_ANONYMOUS_FILE_MAPMODE_SHARED);
+  g_assert (other_fd != -1);
+
+  if (test_readonly_seals (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Writing and reading the written data should succeed */
+  if (!test_write_read (fd))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* The other fd should still read the teststring though */
+  if (!test_read_fd_mmap (other_fd, teststring))
+    goto fail;
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+  meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (other_fd);
+#endif
+
+  meta_anonymous_file_free (file);
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+  fail:
+    if (fd > 0)
+      meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (fd);
+    if (other_fd > 0)
+      meta_anonymous_file_close_fd (other_fd);
+    meta_anonymous_file_free (file);
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}