screen-cast/src: Record follow up frame after timeout

During animation or other things that cause multiple frames in a row
being painted, we might skip recording frames if the max framerate is
reached.

Doing so means we might end up skipping the last frame in a series,
ending with the last frame we sent was not the last one, making things
appear to get stuck sometimes.

Handle this by creating a timeout if we ever throttle, and at the time
the timeout callback is triggered, make sure we eventually send an up to
date frame.

This is handle differently depending on the source type. A monitor
source type reports 1x1 pixel damage on each view its monitor overlaps,
while a window source type simply records a frame from the surface
directly, except without recording a timestamp, so that timestamps
always refer to when damage actually happened.

https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/-/merge_requests/1361

src/backends/meta-screen-cast-area-stream-src.c

@@ -469,6 +469,19 @@ meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc
   return TRUE;
 }
 
+static void
+meta_screen_cast_area_stream_record_follow_up (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastAreaStreamSrc *area_src =
+    META_SCREEN_CAST_AREA_STREAM_SRC (src);
+  MetaScreenCastRecordFlag flags;
+
+  g_clear_handle_id (&area_src->maybe_record_idle_id, g_source_remove);
+
+  flags = META_SCREEN_CAST_RECORD_FLAG_NONE;
+  meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (src, flags);
+}
+
 static void
 meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
                                                       struct spa_meta_cursor  *spa_meta_cursor)
@@ -584,6 +597,8 @@ meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_class_init (MetaScreenCastAreaStreamSrcClass *k
     meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_record_to_buffer;
   src_class->record_to_framebuffer =
     meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer;
+  src_class->record_follow_up =
+    meta_screen_cast_area_stream_record_follow_up;
   src_class->set_cursor_metadata =
     meta_screen_cast_area_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata;
 }

src/backends/meta-screen-cast-monitor-stream-src.c

@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ sync_cursor_state (MetaScreenCastMonitorStreamSrc *monitor_src)
   if (is_redraw_queued (monitor_src))
     return;
 
+  if (meta_screen_cast_stream_src_pending_follow_up_frame (src))
+    return;
+
   flags = META_SCREEN_CAST_RECORD_FLAG_CURSOR_ONLY;
   meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (src, flags);
 }
@@ -461,6 +464,44 @@ meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer (MetaScreenCastStreamS
   return TRUE;
 }
 
+static void
+meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_record_follow_up (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastMonitorStreamSrc *monitor_src =
+    META_SCREEN_CAST_MONITOR_STREAM_SRC (src);
+  MetaBackend *backend = get_backend (monitor_src);
+  MetaRenderer *renderer = meta_backend_get_renderer (backend);
+  ClutterStage *stage = get_stage (monitor_src);
+  MetaMonitor *monitor;
+  MetaLogicalMonitor *logical_monitor;
+  MetaRectangle logical_monitor_layout;
+  GList *l;
+
+  monitor = get_monitor (monitor_src);
+  logical_monitor = meta_monitor_get_logical_monitor (monitor);
+  logical_monitor_layout = meta_logical_monitor_get_layout (logical_monitor);
+
+  for (l = meta_renderer_get_views (renderer); l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      MetaRendererView *view = l->data;
+      MetaRectangle view_layout;
+      MetaRectangle damage;
+
+      clutter_stage_view_get_layout (CLUTTER_STAGE_VIEW (view), &view_layout);
+
+      if (!meta_rectangle_overlap (&logical_monitor_layout, &view_layout))
+        continue;
+
+      damage = (cairo_rectangle_int_t) {
+        .x = view_layout.x,
+        .y = view_layout.y,
+        .width = 1,
+        .height = 1,
+      };
+      clutter_actor_queue_redraw_with_clip (CLUTTER_ACTOR (stage), &damage);
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
                                                          struct spa_meta_cursor  *spa_meta_cursor)
@@ -585,6 +626,8 @@ meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_class_init (MetaScreenCastMonitorStreamSrcCl
     meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_record_to_buffer;
   src_class->record_to_framebuffer =
     meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer;
+  src_class->record_follow_up =
+    meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_record_follow_up;
   src_class->set_cursor_metadata =
     meta_screen_cast_monitor_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata;
 }

src/backends/meta-screen-cast-stream-src.c

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ typedef struct _MetaScreenCastStreamSrcPrivate
   int video_stride;
 
   int64_t last_frame_timestamp_us;
+  guint follow_up_frame_source_id;
 
   GHashTable *dmabuf_handles;
 
@@ -156,6 +157,15 @@ meta_screen_cast_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src
   return klass->record_to_framebuffer (src, framebuffer, error);
 }
 
+static void
+meta_screen_cast_stream_src_record_follow_up (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastStreamSrcClass *klass =
+    META_SCREEN_CAST_STREAM_SRC_GET_CLASS (src);
+
+  klass->record_follow_up (src);
+}
+
 static void
 meta_screen_cast_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
                                                  struct spa_meta_cursor  *spa_meta_cursor)
@@ -442,6 +452,43 @@ do_record_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
   return FALSE;
 }
 
+gboolean
+meta_screen_cast_stream_src_pending_follow_up_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastStreamSrcPrivate *priv =
+    meta_screen_cast_stream_src_get_instance_private (src);
+
+  return priv->follow_up_frame_source_id != 0;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+follow_up_frame_cb (gpointer user_data)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src = user_data;
+  MetaScreenCastStreamSrcPrivate *priv =
+    meta_screen_cast_stream_src_get_instance_private (src);
+
+  priv->follow_up_frame_source_id = 0;
+  meta_screen_cast_stream_src_record_follow_up (src);
+
+  return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+}
+
+static void
+maybe_schedule_follow_up_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
+                                int64_t                  timeout_us)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastStreamSrcPrivate *priv =
+    meta_screen_cast_stream_src_get_instance_private (src);
+
+  if (priv->follow_up_frame_source_id)
+    return;
+
+  priv->follow_up_frame_source_id = g_timeout_add (us2ms (timeout_us),
+                                                   follow_up_frame_cb,
+                                                   src);
+}
+
 void
 meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
                                                 MetaScreenCastRecordFlag  flags)
@@ -457,11 +504,24 @@ meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
 
   now_us = g_get_monotonic_time ();
   if (priv->video_format.max_framerate.num > 0 &&
-      priv->last_frame_timestamp_us != 0 &&
+      priv->last_frame_timestamp_us != 0)
-      (now_us - priv->last_frame_timestamp_us <
+    {
-       ((1000000 * priv->video_format.max_framerate.denom) /
+      int64_t min_interval_us;
-        priv->video_format.max_framerate.num)))
+      int64_t time_since_last_frame_us;
+
+      min_interval_us = ((1000000 * priv->video_format.max_framerate.denom) /
+                         priv->video_format.max_framerate.num);
+
+      time_since_last_frame_us = now_us - priv->last_frame_timestamp_us;
+      if (time_since_last_frame_us < min_interval_us)
+        {
+          int64_t timeout_us;
+
+          timeout_us = min_interval_us - time_since_last_frame_us;
+          maybe_schedule_follow_up_frame (src, timeout_us);
           return;
+        }
+    }
 
   if (!priv->pipewire_stream)
     return;
@@ -481,6 +541,7 @@ meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
 
   if (!(flags & META_SCREEN_CAST_RECORD_FLAG_CURSOR_ONLY))
     {
+      g_clear_handle_id (&priv->follow_up_frame_source_id, g_source_remove);
       if (do_record_frame (src, spa_buffer, data, &error))
         {
           struct spa_meta_region *spa_meta_video_crop;

src/backends/meta-screen-cast-stream-src.h

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ struct _MetaScreenCastStreamSrcClass
   gboolean (* record_to_framebuffer) (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
                                       CoglFramebuffer          *framebuffer,
                                       GError                  **error);
+  void (* record_follow_up) (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src);
+
   gboolean (* get_videocrop) (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
                               MetaRectangle           *crop_rect);
   void (* set_cursor_metadata) (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
@@ -74,6 +76,8 @@ struct _MetaScreenCastStreamSrcClass
 void meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc  *src,
                                                      MetaScreenCastRecordFlag  flags);
 
+gboolean meta_screen_cast_stream_src_pending_follow_up_frame (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src);
+
 int meta_screen_cast_stream_src_get_stride (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src);
 
 MetaScreenCastStream * meta_screen_cast_stream_src_get_stream (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src);

src/backends/meta-screen-cast-window-stream-src.c

@@ -509,6 +509,15 @@ meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer (MetaScreenCastStreamSr
   return TRUE;
 }
 
+static void
+meta_screen_cast_window_stream_record_follow_up (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src)
+{
+  MetaScreenCastRecordFlag flags;
+
+  flags = META_SCREEN_CAST_RECORD_FLAG_NONE;
+  meta_screen_cast_stream_src_maybe_record_frame (src, flags);
+}
+
 static void
 meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata (MetaScreenCastStreamSrc *src,
                                                         struct spa_meta_cursor  *spa_meta_cursor)
@@ -596,6 +605,8 @@ meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_class_init (MetaScreenCastWindowStreamSrcClas
     meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_record_to_buffer;
   src_class->record_to_framebuffer =
     meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_record_to_framebuffer;
+  src_class->record_follow_up =
+    meta_screen_cast_window_stream_record_follow_up;
   src_class->get_videocrop = meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_get_videocrop;
   src_class->set_cursor_metadata = meta_screen_cast_window_stream_src_set_cursor_metadata;
 }