isa/mutter
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/brl/mutter.git synced 2024-12-25 04:22:05 +00:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

docs: Remove the old animation tutorial

Browse Source 
The animation tutorial was written in the Good Ol' 0.x days, and has
barely been updated during the 1.x cycle; it only referenced low level
or deprecated API, and the ClutterActor class description has a whole
section on how to animate actors using both the implicit and the
explicit animation API.
This commit is contained in:
Emmanuele Bassi 2012-06-09 09:53:14 +01:00
parent 7043a3a1ed
commit 4c1bf6162a
3 changed files with 0 additions and 479 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

2
doc/reference/clutter/Makefile.am
View File

@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ SVG_IMAGES = \
# e.g. content_files=running.sgml building.sgml changes-2.0.sgml # e.g. content_files=running.sgml building.sgml changes-2.0.sgml
content_files = \ content_files = \
glossary.xml \ glossary.xml \
clutter-animation-tutorial.xml \
clutter-overview.xml \ clutter-overview.xml \
building-clutter.xml \ building-clutter.xml \
running-clutter.xml \ running-clutter.xml \
@ -152,7 +151,6 @@ content_files = \
# e.g. expand_content_files=running.sgml # e.g. expand_content_files=running.sgml
expand_content_files = \ expand_content_files = \
glossary.xml \ glossary.xml \
clutter-animation-tutorial.xml \
clutter-overview.xml \ clutter-overview.xml \
building-clutter.xml \ building-clutter.xml \
running-clutter.xml \ running-clutter.xml \

466
doc/reference/clutter/clutter-animation-tutorial.xml
View File

@ -1,466 +0,0 @@
<chapter id="clutter-animations">
<chapterinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Matthew</firstname>
<surname>Allum</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>mallum@openedhand.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Emmanuele</firstname>
<surname>Bassi</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>ebassi@linux.intel.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Creating Animations with Clutter</title>
<para>With Clutter using hardware accelration for graphics rendering,
complex and fast animations are possible. This chapter describes basic
techniques and the utilities Clutter provides in aiding animation
creation.</para>
<section id="clutter-animation-basic">
<title>Basic Animations</title>
<para>The most basic way to create animations with Clutter is via the use
of clutter_threads_add_timeout(). This enables a callback function to be
called at a defined interval. The callback function can then modify actors
visual properties as to produce an animation.</para>
<example id="clutter-timeout-example">
<title>Simple timeout example</title>
<para>Implement a rotating actor using 360 "frames"</para>
<programlisting>
struct RotationClosure {
ClutterActor *actor;
gdouble final_angle;
gdouble current_angle;
};
static gboolean
rotate_actor (gpointer data)
{
struct RotationClosure *clos = data;
clutter_actor_set_rotation (clos-&gt;actor, clos-&gt;current_angle, 0, 0, 0);
/* add one degree */
clos-&gt;current_angle += 1.0
/* if we reached the target angle, stop */
if (clos-&gt;current_angle == clos-&gt;final_angle)
return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}
static void
rotate_actor_cleanup (gpointer data)
{
struct RotationClosure *clos = data;
g_object_unref (clos-&gt;actor);
g_free (clos);
}
...
struct RotationClosure *clos = NULL;
clos = g_new (struct RotationClosure, 1);
clos-&gt;actor = g_object_ref (an_actor);
clos-&gt;final_angle = 360.0;
clos-&gt;current_angle = 0;
clutter_threads_add_timeout_full (G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
1000 / 360, /* 360 updates in one second */
rotate_actor,
clos,
rotate_actor_cleanup);
</programlisting>
</example>
<note>
<title>Priorities</title>
<para>%G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT should always be used as the timeouts priority
(in case of clutter_threads_add_timeout_full()) as not to intefere with
Clutter's scheduling of repaints and input event handling.</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="clutter-animation-timelines">
<title>Timelines</title>
<para>Using clutter_threads_add_timeout() to control an animation is
complicated and does not work in concert with the rest of the operations
Clutter must perform for each redraw cycle.</para>
<para>For this reason, Clutter provides #ClutterTimeline, a class that
allows scheduling animations with a definite duration. Timelines are
advanced during the redraw cycle so that animations are ready to be
performed at the right time. This also means that animations will not
affect the event processing; it also means that if the animation is too
complex it will be called with a longer delay, thus not blocking the
whole UI.</para>
<para>A Timeline is created with:</para>
<programlisting>
ClutterTimeline *timeline = clutter_timeline_new (duration_in_milliseconds);
</programlisting>
<para>The duration of the timeline then be modifed via the
#ClutterTimeline:duration property or by using
clutter_timeline_set_duration().</para>
<para>A timeline is started via clutter_timeline_start() and its
playback further manipulated by the clutter_timeline_pause(),
clutter_timeline_stop(), clutter_timeline_rewind() and
clutter_timeline_skip() functions.</para>
<para>By attaching a handler to the timeline's
#ClutterTimeline::new-frame signal a timeline can then be used to
drive an animation by altering an actor's visual properties. The
callback looks like:</para>
<programlisting>
void
on_new_frame (ClutterTimeline *timeline,
gint elapsed_msecs,
gpointer user_data)
{
}
</programlisting>
<para>The <literal>elapsed_msecs</literal> parameter is set to the amount
of time elapsed since the beginning of the timeline, and its value is
always between 0 and the #ClutterTimeline:duration value.</para>
<para>The function clutter_timeline_get_progress() can also be used to
get a normalised value of the timeline's current position between 0 and
1.</para>
<para>Timelines can also be played in reverse by setting the direction
using clutter_timeline_set_direction(), and can also have a one-time
delay set before they begin playing by using the function
clutter_timeline_set_delay().</para>
<para>Timelines can also control a pyshical simulation; the
clutter_timeline_get_delta() function allows retrieving the number of
milliseconds elapsed since the previous callback to ensure the physics
engine to be able to take the actual time elapsed between iterations
into account.</para>
<example id="clutter-timeline-example">
<title>Using a Timeline to drive an animation</title>
<para>Rewrite the example above with a #ClutterTimeline instead of
using clutter_threads_add_timeout()</para>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;clutter/clutter.h&gt;
static void
on_new_frame (ClutterTimeline *timeline,
gint elapsed_msecs,
ClutterActor *actor)
{
gdouble angle = 360 * clutter_timeline_get_progress (timeline);
clutter_actor_set_rotation (actor, CLUTTER_Z_AXIS,
angle,
clutter_actor_get_width (actor) / 2,
clutter_actor_get_height (actor) / 2,
0);
}
...
ClutterTimeline *timeline;
/* one second */
timeline = clutter_timeline_new (1000);
/* looping indefinitely */
clutter_timeline_set_repeat_count (timeline, -1);
/* get a notification each time a new frame should be drawn */
g_signal_connect (timeline, "new-frame", G_CALLBACK (on_new_frame), actor);
/* start the timeline once control returns to the main loop */
clutter_timeline_start (timeline);
</programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<!-- XXX - Behaviours are deprecated
<section id="clutter-animation-behaviours">
<title>Behaviours</title>
<para>With a large application containing many animations, the use of
just timelines can become unwieldy and difficult to manage, with much
code duplication in the #ClutterTimeline::new-frame handlers that can
require over-complex code changes for minor animation modifications. To
ease these problems the #ClutterAlpha and #ClutterBehaviour classes were
created.</para>
<para>#ClutterAlpha and #ClutterBehaviour attempt to generalise the
#ClutterTimeline::new-frame function by defining common actions (or
behaviours) that can be quickly modified, applied to multiple actors or
mixed on a single actor.</para>
<para>A #ClutterAlpha is a 'function of time' (and does not refer to the
alpha channel of a RGBA color). It is created by referencing a source
timeline and an "easing mode" whichproduces a value between -1.0 and 2.0
depending on the progress of the timeline. Clutter provides various
easing modes, as described by the #ClutterAnimationMode enumeration. It is
also possible to register new animation modes using the function
clutter_alpha_register_func() or to provide a custom #ClutterAlphaFunc for
a specific #ClutterAlpha instance.</para>
<para>A #ClutterBehaviour is created with a #ClutterAlpha and a set of
parameters for whatever the behaviour modifies in an actor. The value of
a #ClutterAlpha during the animation is then mapped to a value for the
behaviour parameters and then applied on the actors referenced by the
#ClutterBehaviour. With the #ClutterAlpha's underlying timeline playing
the produced value will change and the behaviour will animate an
actor.</para>
<para>A #ClutterBehaviour is effectively 'driven' by a supplied
#ClutterAlpha and when then applied to an actor it will modify a visual
property or feature of the actor dependant on the Alpha's value. For
example, a path-based behaviour applied to an actor will alter its
position along a #ClutterPath, depending on the current alpha value over
time. The actual progress of the motion will depend on the chosen "easing
mode".</para>
<para> Multiple behaviours can of course be applied to an actor as well
as a single behaviour being applied to multiple actors. The separation
of timelines, alphas and behaviours allows for a single timeline to drive
many behaviours each potentially using different alpha functions.
Behaviour parameters can also be changed on the fly.</para>
<para>
<figure id="behaviour-path-alpha">
<title>Effects of alpha functions on a path</title>
<graphic fileref="path-alpha-func.png" format="PNG"/>
<blockquote>The actors position between the path's end points
directly correlates to the #ClutterAlpha's current alpha value
driving the behaviour. With the #ClutterAlpha's animation mode
set to %CLUTTER_LINEAR the actor will follow the path at a constant
velocity, but when changing to %CLUTTER_EASE_IN_OUT_SINE the actor
initially accelerates before quickly decelerating.</blockquote>
</figure>
</para>
<para>The behaviours included in Clutter are:</para>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourDepth</term>
<listitem><simpara>Changes the depth of actors</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourEllipse</term>
<listitem><simpara>Moves actors along an elliptical path</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourOpacity</term>
<listitem><simpara>Changes the opacity of actors</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourPath</term>
<listitem><simpara>Moves actors along a path</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourRotate</term>
<listitem><simpara>Rotates actors along an axis</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>#ClutterBehaviourScale</term>
<listitem><simpara>Changes the scaling factors of actors</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<example id="clutter-behaviour-example">
<title>Using a #ClutterBehaviour</title>
<para>The following example demonstrates an ellipse behaviour in
action.</para>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;clutter/clutter.h&gt;
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
ClutterTimeline *timeline;
ClutterBehaviour *behave;
ClutterAlpha *alpha;
ClutterActor *stage, *actor;
if (clutter_init (&amp;argc, &amp;argv) != CLUTTER_INIT_SUCCESS)
return 1;
stage = clutter_stage_new ();
g_signal_connect (stage, "destroy", G_CALLBACK (clutter_main_quit), NULL);
actor = clutter_texture_new_from_file ("ohpowers.png", NULL);
clutter_container_add_actor (CLUTTER_CONTAINER (stage), actor);
/* set up the animation to be 4 seconds long, and looping indefinitely */
timeline = clutter_timeline_new (4000);
clutter_timeline_set_repeat_count (timeline, -1);
/* set up a sinusoidal easing mode to power the behaviour; the
* alpha will take a reference on the timeline so we can safely
* release the reference we hold
*/
alpha = clutter_alpha_new_full (timeline, CLUTTER_EASE_IN_OUT_SINE);
g_object_unref (timeline);
/* the behaviour will own the alpha by sinking its floating
* reference (if needed)
*/
behave = clutter_behaviour_ellipse_new (alpha,
200, /* center x */
200, /* center y */
400, /* width */
300, /* height */
CLUTTER_ROTATE_CW, /* direction */
0.0, /* initial angle */
360.0); /* final angle */
clutter_behaviour_apply (behave, actor);
clutter_actor_show_all (stage);
clutter_timeline_start (timeline);
clutter_main();
/* clean up; behaviours are top-level objects */
g_object_unref (behave);
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</example>
<note><para>The parameters of a #ClutterBehaviour can be changed whilst
a animation is running.</para></note>
<para>There can be many #ClutterAlpha's attached to a single timeline.
There can be many behaviours for a #ClutterAlpha. There can be many
behaviours applied to an actor. A #ClutterScore can be used to chain
many behaviours together.</para>
<warning><para>Combining behaviours that effect the same actor properties
(i.e two separate paths) will cause unexpected results. The values will
not be merged in any way with only the last applied behaviour taking
precedence.</para></warning>
<note><para>Tips for implementing a new behaviour can be found <link
linkend="creating-your-own-behaviours">here</link>.</para></note>
</section>
-->
<section id="clutter-animation-implicit">
<title>Implicit Animations</title>
<para>Using behaviours for simple animations of a single actor may
be too complicated, in terms of memory management and bookkeeping
of the object instances. For this reason, Clutter also provides a
simple animation API for implicit animations using properties of
an actor: clutter_actor_animate().</para>
<para>The clutter_actor_animate() family of functions will create
and use an implicit #ClutterAnimation instance, which will then
handle the animation of one or more #ClutterActor properties between
a range of values.</para>
<example id="clutter-actor-animate-example">
<title>Using clutter_actor_animate()</title>
<para>The following example demonstrates how to use the
clutter_actor_animate() method to tween an actor between the current
position and a new set of coordinates. The animation takes 200
milliseconds to complete and uses a linear progression.</para>
<programlisting>
clutter_actor_animate (actor, CLUTTER_LINEAR, 200,
"x", 200.0f,
"y", 200.0f,
NULL);
</programlisting>
</example>
<para>The clutter_actor_animate() method returns a #ClutterAnimation
instance that can be used to start, stop and modify the animation
while it's running. The #ClutterAnimation::completed signal will
be emitted when the animation has been completed.</para>
<warning><para>When the animation is complete it will be automatically
unreferenced, and disposed if nothing else is holding a reference
on it.</para></warning>
<example id="clutter-actor-animate-multi-example">
<title>Animating inside an event handler</title>
<para>The following example demonstrates how to animate an actor
inside the signal handler for a button press event. If the user
presses the button on a new position while the animation is running,
the animation will be restarted with the new final values
updated.</para>
<programlisting>
static gboolean
on_button_press (ClutterActor *actor,
ClutterEvent *event,
gpointer user_data)
{
gfloat event_x, event_y;
clutter_event_get_coords (event, &amp;event_x, &amp;event_y);
clutter_actor_animate (actor, CLUTTER_EASE_SINE_OUT, 500,
"x", event_x,
"y", event_y,
NULL);
return TRUE;
}
</programlisting>
</example>
<para>Calling clutter_actor_animate() multiple times on an
actor which is being animated will cause the animation to be updated
with the new values.</para>
<para>If you need to chain up multiple animations created using
clutter_actor_animate() you should connect to the
#ClutterAnimation::completed signal using g_signal_connect_after()
to have the guarantee that the current #ClutterAnimation has been
detached from the actor. The documentation for clutter_actor_animate()
has further examples.</para>
</section>
<section id="clutter-animation-conclusion">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<para>Clutter provides a number of utility classes to aid animations
and complex animations can be produced by combining the various features
provided.</para>
<para>Of course animations can becreated outside of the Clutter animation
framework, as the framework is not expected to cover every kind of
possible animation scenario.</para>
<para>The animation functionality in Clutter is primarily suited to
building animations with a set or finite running time - i.e transitions
between states. For animations involving variable input (such as
touchscreen handling) physical simulations may be more suited.</para>
</section>
</chapter>

11
doc/reference/clutter/clutter-docs.xml.in
View File

@ -222,17 +222,6 @@
<xi:include href="xml/clutter-wayland-surface.xml"/> <xi:include href="xml/clutter-wayland-surface.xml"/>
</part> </part>
<part id="additionaldocs">
<title>Additional Documentation</title>
<partintro>
<para>This section contains additional useful documentation for
developing with Clutter.</para>
</partintro>
<xi:include href="xml/clutter-animation-tutorial.xml"/>
</part>
<part id="migration"> <part id="migration">
<title>Migrating from previous version of Clutter</title> <title>Migrating from previous version of Clutter</title>