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gnome-shell/src/shell-app-usage.c

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/* -*- mode: C; c-file-style: "gnu"; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- */
#include "config.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <gdk/gdk.h>
#include <gdk/gdkx.h>
#include <glib.h>
#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-glib.h>
#include <meta/display.h>
#include <meta/group.h>
#include <meta/window.h>
#include "shell-app-usage.h"
#include "shell-window-tracker.h"
#include "shell-global.h"
#include "shell-marshal.h"
/* This file includes modified code from
* desktop-data-engine/engine-dbus/hippo-application-monitor.c
* in the functions collecting application usage data.
* Written by Owen Taylor, originally licensed under LGPL 2.1.
* Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2006-2008
*/
/**
* SECTION:shell-app-usage
* @short_description: Track application usage/state data
*
* This class maintains some usage and state statistics for
* applications by keeping track of the approximate time an application's
* windows are focused, as well as the last workspace it was seen on.
* This time tracking is implemented by watching for focus notifications,
* and computing a time delta between them. Also we watch the
* GNOME Session "StatusChanged" signal which by default is emitted after 5
* minutes to signify idle.
*/
#define ENABLE_MONITORING_KEY "enable-app-monitoring"
#define FOCUS_TIME_MIN_SECONDS 7 /* Need 7 continuous seconds of focus */
#define USAGE_CLEAN_DAYS 7 /* If after 7 days we haven't seen an app, purge it */
/* Data is saved to file SHELL_CONFIG_DIR/DATA_FILENAME */
#define DATA_FILENAME "application_state"
#define IDLE_TIME_TRANSITION_SECONDS 30 /* If we transition to idle, only count
* this many seconds of usage */
/* The ranking algorithm we use is: every time an app score reaches SCORE_MAX,
* divide all scores by 2. Scores are raised by 1 unit every SAVE_APPS_TIMEOUT
* seconds. This mechanism allows the list to update relatively fast when
* a new app is used intensively.
* To keep the list clean, and avoid being Big Brother, apps that have not been
* seen for a week and whose score is below SCORE_MIN are removed.
*/
/* How often we save internally app data, in seconds */
#define SAVE_APPS_TIMEOUT_SECONDS (5 * 60)
/* With this value, an app goes from bottom to top of the
* usage list in 50 hours of use */
#define SCORE_MAX (3600 * 50 / FOCUS_TIME_MIN_SECONDS)
/* If an app's score in lower than this and the app has not been used in a week,
* remove it */
#define SCORE_MIN (SCORE_MAX >> 3)
/* http://www.gnome.org/~mccann/gnome-session/docs/gnome-session.html#org.gnome.SessionManager.Presence */
#define GNOME_SESSION_STATUS_IDLE 3
typedef struct UsageData UsageData;
struct _ShellAppUsage
{
GObject parent;
GFile *configfile;
DBusGProxy *session_proxy;
GdkDisplay *display;
gulong last_idle;
guint idle_focus_change_id;
guint save_id;
guint settings_notify;
gboolean currently_idle;
gboolean enable_monitoring;
GSList *previously_running;
long watch_start_time;
ShellApp *watched_app;
/* <char *context, GHashTable<char *appid, UsageData *usage>> */
GHashTable *app_usages_for_context;
};
G_DEFINE_TYPE (ShellAppUsage, shell_app_usage, G_TYPE_OBJECT);
/* Represents an application record for a given context */
struct UsageData
{
/* Whether the application we're tracking is "transient", see
* shell_app_info_is_transient.
*/
gboolean transient;
gdouble score; /* Based on the number of times we'e seen the app and normalized */
long last_seen; /* Used to clear old apps we've only seen a few times */
};
static void shell_app_usage_finalize (GObject *object);
static void on_session_status_changed (DBusGProxy *proxy, guint status, ShellAppUsage *self);
static void on_focus_app_changed (ShellWindowTracker *tracker, GParamSpec *spec, ShellAppUsage *self);
static void ensure_queued_save (ShellAppUsage *self);
static UsageData * get_app_usage_for_context_and_id (ShellAppUsage *self,
const char *context,
const char *appid);
static gboolean idle_save_application_usage (gpointer data);
static void restore_from_file (ShellAppUsage *self);
static void update_enable_monitoring (ShellAppUsage *self);
static void on_enable_monitoring_key_changed (GSettings *settings,
const gchar *key,
ShellAppUsage *self);
static long
get_time (void)
{
GTimeVal tv;
g_get_current_time (&tv);
return tv.tv_sec;
}
static void
shell_app_usage_class_init (ShellAppUsageClass *klass)
{
GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
gobject_class->finalize = shell_app_usage_finalize;
}
static GHashTable *
get_usages_for_context (ShellAppUsage *self,
const char *context)
{
GHashTable *context_usages;
context_usages = g_hash_table_lookup (self->app_usages_for_context, context);
if (context_usages == NULL)
{
context_usages = g_hash_table_new_full (g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, g_free);
g_hash_table_insert (self->app_usages_for_context, g_strdup (context),
context_usages);
}
return context_usages;
}
static UsageData *
get_app_usage_for_context_and_id (ShellAppUsage *self,
const char *context,
const char *appid)
{
UsageData *usage;
GHashTable *context_usages;
context_usages = get_usages_for_context (self, context);
usage = g_hash_table_lookup (context_usages, appid);
if (usage)
return usage;
usage = g_new0 (UsageData, 1);
g_hash_table_insert (context_usages, g_strdup (appid), usage);
return usage;
}
static UsageData *
get_usage_for_app (ShellAppUsage *self,
ShellApp *app)
{
const char *context;
context = _shell_window_tracker_get_app_context (shell_window_tracker_get_default (), app);
return get_app_usage_for_context_and_id (self, context, shell_app_get_id (app));
}
typedef struct {
gboolean in_context;
GHashTableIter context_iter;
const char *context_id;
GHashTableIter usage_iter;
} UsageIterator;
static void
usage_iterator_init (ShellAppUsage *self,
UsageIterator *iter)
{
iter->in_context = FALSE;
g_hash_table_iter_init (&(iter->context_iter), self->app_usages_for_context);
}
static gboolean
usage_iterator_next (ShellAppUsage *self,
UsageIterator *iter,
const char **context,
const char **id,
UsageData **usage)
{
gpointer key, value;
gboolean next_context;
if (!iter->in_context)
next_context = TRUE;
else if (!g_hash_table_iter_next (&(iter->usage_iter), &key, &value))
next_context = TRUE;
else
next_context = FALSE;
while (next_context)
{
GHashTable *app_usages;
if (!g_hash_table_iter_next (&(iter->context_iter), &key, &value))
return FALSE;
iter->in_context = TRUE;
iter->context_id = key;
app_usages = value;
g_hash_table_iter_init (&(iter->usage_iter), app_usages);
next_context = !g_hash_table_iter_next (&(iter->usage_iter), &key, &value);
}
*context = iter->context_id;
*id = key;
*usage = value;
return TRUE;
}
static void
usage_iterator_remove (ShellAppUsage *self,
UsageIterator *iter)
{
g_assert (iter->in_context);
g_hash_table_iter_remove (&(iter->usage_iter));
}
/* Limit the score to a certain level so that most used apps can change */
static void
normalize_usage (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
UsageIterator iter;
const char *context;
const char *id;
UsageData *usage;
usage_iterator_init (self, &iter);
while (usage_iterator_next (self, &iter, &context, &id, &usage))
{
usage->score /= 2;
}
}
static void
increment_usage_for_app_at_time (ShellAppUsage *self,
ShellApp *app,
long time)
{
UsageData *usage;
guint elapsed;
guint usage_count;
usage = get_usage_for_app (self, app);
usage->last_seen = time;
elapsed = time - self->watch_start_time;
usage_count = elapsed / FOCUS_TIME_MIN_SECONDS;
if (usage_count > 0)
{
usage->score += usage_count;
if (usage->score > SCORE_MAX)
normalize_usage (self);
ensure_queued_save (self);
}
}
static void
increment_usage_for_app (ShellAppUsage *self,
ShellApp *app)
{
long curtime = get_time ();
increment_usage_for_app_at_time (self, app, curtime);
}
static void
on_app_state_changed (ShellWindowTracker *tracker,
ShellApp *app,
gpointer user_data)
{
ShellAppUsage *self = SHELL_APP_USAGE (user_data);
UsageData *usage;
gboolean running;
if (shell_app_is_transient (app))
return;
usage = get_usage_for_app (self, app);
running = shell_app_get_state (app) == SHELL_APP_STATE_RUNNING;
if (running)
usage->last_seen = get_time ();
}
static void
on_focus_app_changed (ShellWindowTracker *tracker,
GParamSpec *spec,
ShellAppUsage *self)
{
if (self->watched_app != NULL)
increment_usage_for_app (self, self->watched_app);
if (self->watched_app)
g_object_unref (self->watched_app);
g_object_get (tracker, "focus-app", &(self->watched_app), NULL);
self->watch_start_time = get_time ();
}
static void
on_session_status_changed (DBusGProxy *proxy,
guint status,
ShellAppUsage *self)
{
gboolean idle;
idle = (status >= GNOME_SESSION_STATUS_IDLE);
if (self->currently_idle == idle)
return;
self->currently_idle = idle;
if (idle)
{
long end_time;
/* The GNOME Session signal we watch is 5 minutes, but that's a long
* time for this purpose. Instead, just add a base 30 seconds.
*/
if (self->watched_app)
{
end_time = self->watch_start_time + IDLE_TIME_TRANSITION_SECONDS;
increment_usage_for_app_at_time (self, self->watched_app, end_time);
}
}
else
{
/* Transitioning to !idle, reset the start time */
self->watch_start_time = get_time ();
}
}
static void
shell_app_usage_init (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
ShellGlobal *global;
char *shell_userdata_dir, *path;
DBusGConnection *session_bus;
ShellWindowTracker *tracker;
global = shell_global_get ();
self->app_usages_for_context = g_hash_table_new_full (g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, (GDestroyNotify) g_hash_table_destroy);
tracker = shell_window_tracker_get_default ();
g_signal_connect (tracker, "notify::focus-app", G_CALLBACK (on_focus_app_changed), self);
g_signal_connect (tracker, "app-state-changed", G_CALLBACK (on_app_state_changed), self);
session_bus = dbus_g_bus_get (DBUS_BUS_SESSION, NULL);
self->session_proxy = dbus_g_proxy_new_for_name (session_bus, "org.gnome.SessionManager",
"/org/gnome/SessionManager/Presence",
"org.gnome.SessionManager");
dbus_g_proxy_add_signal (self->session_proxy, "StatusChanged",
G_TYPE_UINT, G_TYPE_INVALID, G_TYPE_INVALID);
dbus_g_proxy_connect_signal (self->session_proxy, "StatusChanged",
G_CALLBACK (on_session_status_changed), self, NULL);
self->last_idle = 0;
self->currently_idle = FALSE;
self->enable_monitoring = FALSE;
g_object_get (shell_global_get(), "userdatadir", &shell_userdata_dir, NULL),
path = g_build_filename (shell_userdata_dir, DATA_FILENAME, NULL);
g_free (shell_userdata_dir);
self->configfile = g_file_new_for_path (path);
g_free (path);
restore_from_file (self);
self->settings_notify = g_signal_connect (shell_global_get_settings (global),
"changed::" ENABLE_MONITORING_KEY,
G_CALLBACK (on_enable_monitoring_key_changed),
self);
update_enable_monitoring (self);
}
static void
shell_app_usage_finalize (GObject *object)
{
ShellGlobal *global;
ShellAppUsage *self = SHELL_APP_USAGE (object);
if (self->save_id > 0)
g_source_remove (self->save_id);
global = shell_global_get ();
g_signal_handler_disconnect (shell_global_get_settings (global),
self->settings_notify);
g_object_unref (self->configfile);
G_OBJECT_CLASS (shell_app_usage_parent_class)->finalize(object);
}
typedef struct {
ShellAppUsage *usage;
GHashTable *context_usages;
} SortAppsByUsageData;
static int
sort_apps_by_usage (gconstpointer a,
gconstpointer b,
gpointer datap)
{
SortAppsByUsageData *data = datap;
ShellApp *app_a, *app_b;
UsageData *usage_a, *usage_b;
app_a = (ShellApp*)a;
app_b = (ShellApp*)b;
usage_a = g_hash_table_lookup (data->context_usages, shell_app_get_id (app_a));
usage_b = g_hash_table_lookup (data->context_usages, shell_app_get_id (app_b));
return usage_b->score - usage_a->score;
}
/**
* shell_app_usage_get_most_used:
* @usage: the usage instance to request
* @context: Activity identifier
* @max_count: how many applications are requested. Note that the actual
* list size may be less, or NULL if not enough applications are registered.
*
* Get a list of most popular applications for a given context.
*
* Returns: (element-type ShellApp) (transfer full): List of applications
*/
GSList *
shell_app_usage_get_most_used (ShellAppUsage *self,
const char *context,
gint max_count)
{
GSList *apps;
GList *appids, *iter;
GHashTable *usages;
ShellAppSystem *appsys;
SortAppsByUsageData data;
usages = g_hash_table_lookup (self->app_usages_for_context, context);
if (usages == NULL)
return NULL;
appsys = shell_app_system_get_default ();
appids = g_hash_table_get_keys (usages);
apps = NULL;
for (iter = appids; iter; iter = iter->next)
{
const char *appid = iter->data;
ShellApp *app;
app = shell_app_system_get_app (appsys, appid);
if (!app)
continue;
apps = g_slist_prepend (apps, g_object_ref (app));
}
g_list_free (appids);
data.usage = self;
data.context_usages = usages;
apps = g_slist_sort_with_data (apps, sort_apps_by_usage, &data);
return apps;
}
static void
ensure_queued_save (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
if (self->save_id != 0)
return;
self->save_id = g_timeout_add_seconds (SAVE_APPS_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, idle_save_application_usage, self);
}
/* Clean up apps we see rarely.
* The logic behind this is that if an app was seen less than SCORE_MIN times
* and not seen for a week, it can probably be forgotten about.
* This should much reduce the size of the list and avoid 'pollution'. */
static gboolean
idle_clean_usage (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
UsageIterator iter;
const char *context;
const char *id;
UsageData *usage;
long current_time;
long week_ago;
current_time = get_time ();
week_ago = current_time - (7 * 24 * 60 * 60);
usage_iterator_init (self, &iter);
while (usage_iterator_next (self, &iter, &context, &id, &usage))
{
if ((usage->score < SCORE_MIN) &&
(usage->last_seen < week_ago))
usage_iterator_remove (self, &iter);
}
return FALSE;
}
static gboolean
write_escaped (GDataOutputStream *stream,
const char *str,
GError **error)
{
gboolean ret;
char *quoted = g_markup_escape_text (str, -1);
ret = g_data_output_stream_put_string (stream, quoted, NULL, error);
g_free (quoted);
return ret;
}
static gboolean
write_attribute_string (GDataOutputStream *stream,
const char *elt_name,
const char *str,
GError **error)
{
gboolean ret = FALSE;
char *elt;
elt = g_strdup_printf (" %s=\"", elt_name);
ret = g_data_output_stream_put_string (stream, elt, NULL, error);
g_free (elt);
if (!ret)
goto out;
ret = write_escaped (stream, str, error);
if (!ret)
goto out;
ret = g_data_output_stream_put_string (stream, "\"", NULL, error);
out:
return ret;
}
static gboolean
write_attribute_uint (GDataOutputStream *stream,
const char *elt_name,
guint value,
GError **error)
{
gboolean ret;
char *buf;
buf = g_strdup_printf ("%u", value);
ret = write_attribute_string (stream, elt_name, buf, error);
g_free (buf);
return ret;
}
static gboolean
write_attribute_double (GDataOutputStream *stream,
const char *elt_name,
double value,
GError **error)
{
gchar buf[G_ASCII_DTOSTR_BUF_SIZE];
gboolean ret;
g_ascii_dtostr (buf, sizeof (buf), value);
ret = write_attribute_string (stream, elt_name, buf, error);
return ret;
}
/* Save app data lists to file */
static gboolean
idle_save_application_usage (gpointer data)
{
ShellAppUsage *self = SHELL_APP_USAGE (data);
UsageIterator iter;
const char *current_context;
const char *context;
const char *id;
UsageData *usage;
GFileOutputStream *output;
GOutputStream *buffered_output;
GDataOutputStream *data_output;
GError *error = NULL;
self->save_id = 0;
/* Parent directory is already created by shell-global */
output = g_file_replace (self->configfile, NULL, FALSE, G_FILE_CREATE_NONE, NULL, &error);
if (!output)
{
g_debug ("Could not save applications usage data: %s", error->message);
g_error_free (error);
return FALSE;
}
buffered_output = g_buffered_output_stream_new (G_OUTPUT_STREAM (output));
g_object_unref (output);
data_output = g_data_output_stream_new (G_OUTPUT_STREAM (buffered_output));
g_object_unref (buffered_output);
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<application-state>\n", NULL, &error))
goto out;
usage_iterator_init (self, &iter);
current_context = NULL;
while (usage_iterator_next (self, &iter, &context, &id, &usage))
{
ShellApp *app;
app = shell_app_system_get_app (shell_app_system_get_default(), id);
if (!app)
continue;
if (context != current_context)
{
if (current_context != NULL)
{
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, " </context>", NULL, &error))
goto out;
}
current_context = context;
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, " <context", NULL, &error))
goto out;
if (!write_attribute_string (data_output, "id", context, &error))
goto out;
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, ">\n", NULL, &error))
goto out;
}
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, " <application", NULL, &error))
goto out;
if (!write_attribute_string (data_output, "id", id, &error))
goto out;
if (!write_attribute_uint (data_output, "open-window-count", shell_app_get_n_windows (app), &error))
goto out;
if (!write_attribute_double (data_output, "score", usage->score, &error))
goto out;
if (!write_attribute_uint (data_output, "last-seen", usage->last_seen, &error))
goto out;
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, "/>\n", NULL, &error))
goto out;
}
if (current_context != NULL)
{
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, " </context>\n", NULL, &error))
goto out;
}
if (!g_data_output_stream_put_string (data_output, "</application-state>\n", NULL, &error))
goto out;
out:
if (!error)
g_output_stream_close_async (G_OUTPUT_STREAM (data_output), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
g_object_unref (data_output);
if (error)
{
g_debug ("Could not save applications usage data: %s", error->message);
g_error_free (error);
}
return FALSE;
}
typedef struct {
ShellAppUsage *self;
char *context;
} ParseData;
static void
shell_app_usage_start_element_handler (GMarkupParseContext *context,
const gchar *element_name,
const gchar **attribute_names,
const gchar **attribute_values,
gpointer user_data,
GError **error)
{
ParseData *data = user_data;
if (strcmp (element_name, "application-state") == 0)
{
}
else if (strcmp (element_name, "context") == 0)
{
char *context = NULL;
const char **attribute;
const char **value;
for (attribute = attribute_names, value = attribute_values; *attribute; attribute++, value++)
{
if (strcmp (*attribute, "id") == 0)
context = g_strdup (*value);
}
if (context < 0)
{
g_set_error (error,
G_MARKUP_ERROR,
G_MARKUP_ERROR_PARSE,
"Missing attribute id on <%s> element",
element_name);
return;
}
data->context = context;
}
else if (strcmp (element_name, "application") == 0)
{
const char **attribute;
const char **value;
UsageData *usage;
char *appid = NULL;
GHashTable *usage_table;
for (attribute = attribute_names, value = attribute_values; *attribute; attribute++, value++)
{
if (strcmp (*attribute, "id") == 0)
appid = g_strdup (*value);
}
if (!appid)
{
g_set_error (error,
G_MARKUP_ERROR,
G_MARKUP_ERROR_PARSE,
"Missing attribute id on <%s> element",
element_name);
return;
}
usage_table = get_usages_for_context (data->self, data->context);
usage = g_new0 (UsageData, 1);
g_hash_table_insert (usage_table, appid, usage);
for (attribute = attribute_names, value = attribute_values; *attribute; attribute++, value++)
{
if (strcmp (*attribute, "open-window-count") == 0)
{
guint count = strtoul (*value, NULL, 10);
if (count > 0)
data->self->previously_running = g_slist_prepend (data->self->previously_running,
g_strdup (appid));
}
else if (strcmp (*attribute, "score") == 0)
{
usage->score = g_ascii_strtod (*value, NULL);
}
else if (strcmp (*attribute, "last-seen") == 0)
{
usage->last_seen = (guint) g_ascii_strtoull (*value, NULL, 10);
}
}
}
else
{
g_set_error (error,
G_MARKUP_ERROR,
G_MARKUP_ERROR_PARSE,
"Unknown element <%s>",
element_name);
}
}
static void
shell_app_usage_end_element_handler (GMarkupParseContext *context,
const gchar *element_name,
gpointer user_data,
GError **error)
{
ParseData *data = user_data;
if (strcmp (element_name, "context") == 0)
{
g_free (data->context);
data->context = NULL;
}
}
static void
shell_app_usage_text_handler (GMarkupParseContext *context,
const gchar *text,
gsize text_len,
gpointer user_data,
GError **error)
{
/* do nothing, very very fast */
}
static GMarkupParser app_state_parse_funcs =
{
shell_app_usage_start_element_handler,
shell_app_usage_end_element_handler,
shell_app_usage_text_handler,
NULL,
NULL
};
/* Load data about apps usage from file */
static void
restore_from_file (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
GFileInputStream *input;
ParseData parse_data;
GMarkupParseContext *parse_context;
GError *error = NULL;
char buf[1024];
input = g_file_read (self->configfile, NULL, &error);
if (error)
{
if (error->code != G_IO_ERROR_NOT_FOUND)
g_warning ("Could not load applications usage data: %s", error->message);
g_error_free (error);
return;
}
memset (&parse_data, 0, sizeof (ParseData));
parse_data.self = self;
parse_data.context = NULL;
parse_context = g_markup_parse_context_new (&app_state_parse_funcs, 0, &parse_data, NULL);
while (TRUE)
{
gssize count = g_input_stream_read ((GInputStream*) input, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, &error);
if (count <= 0)
goto out;
if (!g_markup_parse_context_parse (parse_context, buf, count, &error))
goto out;
}
out:
g_free (parse_data.context);
g_markup_parse_context_free (parse_context);
g_input_stream_close ((GInputStream*)input, NULL, NULL);
g_object_unref (input);
idle_clean_usage (self);
if (error)
{
g_warning ("Could not load applications usage data: %s", error->message);
g_error_free (error);
}
}
/* Enable or disable the timers, depending on the value of ENABLE_MONITORING_KEY
* and taking care of the previous state. If selfing is disabled, we still
* report apps usage based on (possibly) saved data, but don't collect data.
*/
static void
update_enable_monitoring (ShellAppUsage *self)
{
ShellGlobal *global;
gboolean enable;
global = shell_global_get ();
enable = g_settings_get_boolean (shell_global_get_settings (global),
ENABLE_MONITORING_KEY);
/* Be sure not to start the timers if they were already set */
if (enable && !self->enable_monitoring)
{
on_focus_app_changed (shell_window_tracker_get_default (), NULL, self);
}
/* ...and don't try to stop them if they were not running */
else if (!enable && self->enable_monitoring)
{
if (self->watched_app)
g_object_unref (self->watched_app);
self->watched_app = NULL;
if (self->save_id)
{
g_source_remove (self->save_id);
self->save_id = 0;
}
}
self->enable_monitoring = enable;
}
/* Called when the ENABLE_MONITORING_KEY boolean has changed */
static void
on_enable_monitoring_key_changed (GSettings *settings,
const gchar *key,
ShellAppUsage *self)
{
update_enable_monitoring (self);
}
/**
* shell_app_usage_get_default:
*
* Return Value: (transfer none): The global #ShellAppUsage instance
*/
ShellAppUsage *
shell_app_usage_get_default ()
{
static ShellAppUsage *instance;
if (instance == NULL)
instance = g_object_new (SHELL_TYPE_APP_USAGE, NULL);
return instance;
}
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