New improved realms daemon implementation

When a realm has enabled 'use-flatpak' a .desktop file for GNOME
Software will be automatically generated while that realm is running.

This .desktop file will launch GNOME Software from Citadel inside a
bubblewrap sandbox. The sandbox has been prepared so that GNOME
Software will install flatpak applications into a directory that belongs
to the realm associated with the .desktop file.

When a realm has enabled 'use-flatpak' this directory will be bind
mounted (read-only) into the root filesystem of the realm so that
applications installed by GNOME Software are visible and can be launched.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["citadel-realms", "citadel-installer-ui", "citadel-tool", "realmsd", "realm-config-ui" ]
+members = ["citadel-realms", "citadel-installer-ui", "citadel-tool", "realmsd", "realm-config-ui", "launch-gnome-software" ]
 [profile.release]
 lto = true
 codegen-units = 1

citadel-tool/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ homepage = "https://subgraph.com"
 
 [dependencies]
 libcitadel = { path = "../libcitadel" }
-rpassword = "4.0"
-clap = "2.33"
+rpassword = "7.3"
+clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["cargo", "derive"] }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
-toml = "0.5"
+toml = "0.8"
 hex = "0.4"
 byteorder = "1"
 dbus = "0.8.4"
-pwhash = "0.3.1"
+pwhash = "1.0"
 tempfile = "3"

citadel-tool/src/boot/live.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::thread::{self,JoinHandle};
 use std::time::{self,Instant};
 
-use libcitadel::{UtsName, util};
+use libcitadel::{Result, UtsName, util};
 use libcitadel::ResourceImage;
 
 use crate::boot::disks;
@@ -13,33 +13,34 @@ use crate::install::installer::Installer;
 
 const IMAGE_DIRECTORY: &str = "/run/citadel/images";
 
-pub fn live_rootfs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn live_rootfs() -> Result<()> {
     copy_artifacts()?;
     let rootfs = find_rootfs_image()?;
     setup_rootfs_resource(&rootfs)
 }
 
-pub fn live_setup() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn live_setup() -> Result<()> {
     decompress_images(true)?;
     info!("Starting live setup");
     let live = Installer::new_livesetup();
     live.run()
 }
 
-fn copy_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn copy_artifacts() -> Result<()> {
     for _ in 0..3 {
         if try_copy_artifacts()? {
             //decompress_images()?;
-            return Ok(());
+            return Ok(())
         }
         // Try again after waiting for more devices to be discovered
         info!("Failed to find partition with images, trying again in 2 seconds");
         thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(2));
     }
-    Result::Err("could not find partition containing resource images".into())
+    bail!("could not find partition containing resource images")
+
 }
 
-fn try_copy_artifacts() -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn try_copy_artifacts() -> Result<bool> {
     let rootfs_image = Path::new("/boot/images/citadel-rootfs.img");
     // Already mounted?
     if rootfs_image.exists() {
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ fn try_copy_artifacts() -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(false)
 }
 
-fn kernel_version() -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn kernel_version() -> String {
     let utsname = UtsName::uname();
     let v = utsname.release().split('-').collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    Ok(v[0].to_string())
+    v[0].to_string()
 }
 
-fn deploy_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn deploy_artifacts() -> Result<()> {
     let run_images = Path::new(IMAGE_DIRECTORY);
     if !run_images.exists() {
         util::create_dir(run_images)?;
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ fn deploy_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         util::copy_file(dent.path(), run_images.join(dent.file_name()))
     })?;
 
-    let kv = kernel_version()?;
+    let kv = kernel_version();
     println!("Copying bzImage-{} to /run/citadel/images", kv);
     let from = format!("/boot/bzImage-{}", kv);
     let to = format!("/run/citadel/images/bzImage-{}", kv);
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ fn deploy_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn deploy_syslinux_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn deploy_syslinux_artifacts() -> Result<()> {
     let boot_syslinux = Path::new("/boot/syslinux");
 
     if !boot_syslinux.exists() {
@@ -111,11 +112,10 @@ fn deploy_syslinux_artifacts() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             }
         }
         Ok(())
-    })?;
-    Ok(())
+    })
 }
 
-fn find_rootfs_image() -> Result<ResourceImage, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn find_rootfs_image() -> Result<ResourceImage> {
     let entries = fs::read_dir(IMAGE_DIRECTORY)
         .map_err(context!("error reading directory {}", IMAGE_DIRECTORY))?;
     for entry in entries {
@@ -123,21 +123,15 @@ fn find_rootfs_image() -> Result<ResourceImage, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         if entry.path().extension() == Some(OsStr::new("img")) {
             if let Ok(image) = ResourceImage::from_path(&entry.path()) {
                 if image.metainfo().image_type() == "rootfs" {
-                    return Ok(image);
+                    return Ok(image)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    Result::Err(
-        format!(
-            "unable to find rootfs resource image in {}",
-            IMAGE_DIRECTORY
-        )
-        .into(),
-    )
+    bail!("unable to find rootfs resource image in {}", IMAGE_DIRECTORY)
 }
 
-fn decompress_images(sync: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn decompress_images(sync: bool) -> Result<()> {
     info!("Decompressing images");
     let mut threads = Vec::new();
     util::read_directory("/run/citadel/images", |dent| {
@@ -146,8 +140,9 @@ fn decompress_images(sync: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
                 if image.is_compressed() {
                     if sync {
                         if let Err(err) = decompress_one_image_sync(image) {
-                            warn!("Error decompressing image: {}", err);
+                            warn!("Error: {}", err);
                         }
+
                     } else {
                         threads.push(decompress_one_image(image));
                     }
@@ -166,11 +161,9 @@ fn decompress_images(sync: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn decompress_one_image_sync(
-    image: ResourceImage,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    info!("Decompressing {}", image.path().display());
+fn decompress_one_image_sync(image: ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        info!("Decompressing {}", image.path().display());
         image.decompress(true)
             .map_err(|e| format_err!("Failed to decompress image file {}: {}", image.path().display(), e))?;
         cmd!("/usr/bin/du", "-h {}", image.path().display())?;
@@ -180,7 +173,8 @@ fn decompress_one_image_sync(
         Ok(())
 }
 
-fn decompress_one_image(image: ResourceImage,) ->
-    JoinHandle<Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>> {
-    thread::spawn(move || decompress_one_image_sync(image))
+fn decompress_one_image(image: ResourceImage) -> JoinHandle<Result<()>> {
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        decompress_one_image_sync(image)
+    })
 }

citadel-tool/src/boot/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::fs;
+use std::process::exit;
 
-use libcitadel::{ResourceImage, CommandLine, KeyRing, LogLevel, Logger, util};
+use libcitadel::{Result, ResourceImage, CommandLine, KeyRing, LogLevel, Logger, util};
 use libcitadel::RealmManager;
 use crate::boot::disks::DiskPartition;
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -9,40 +10,44 @@ mod live;
 mod disks;
 mod rootfs;
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) {
     if CommandLine::debug() {
         Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Debug);
     } else if CommandLine::verbose() {
         Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Info);
     }
 
-    match args.get(1) {
+    let result = match args.get(1) {
         Some(s) if s == "rootfs" => do_rootfs(),
         Some(s) if s == "setup" => do_setup(),
         Some(s) if s == "boot-automount" => do_boot_automount(),
         Some(s) if s == "start-realms" => do_start_realms(),
         _ => Err(format_err!("Bad or missing argument").into()),
-    }?;
+    };
 
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn do_rootfs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    if CommandLine::live_mode() || CommandLine::install_mode() {
-        live::live_rootfs()
-    } else {
-        Ok(rootfs::setup_rootfs()?)
+    if let Err(ref e) = result {
+        warn!("Failed: {}", e);
+        exit(1);
     }
 }
 
-fn setup_keyring() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+
+fn do_rootfs() -> Result<()> {
+    if CommandLine::live_mode() || CommandLine::install_mode() {
+        live::live_rootfs()
+    } else {
+        rootfs::setup_rootfs()
+    }
+}
+
+fn setup_keyring() -> Result<()> {
     ResourceImage::ensure_storage_mounted()?;
     let keyring = KeyRing::load_with_cryptsetup_passphrase("/sysroot/storage/keyring")?;
     keyring.add_keys_to_kernel()?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn do_setup() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn do_setup() -> Result<()> {
     if CommandLine::live_mode() || CommandLine::install_mode() {
         live::live_setup()?;
     } else if let Err(err) = setup_keyring() {
@@ -59,7 +64,8 @@ fn do_setup() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn mount_overlay() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+
+fn mount_overlay() -> Result<()> {
     info!("Creating rootfs overlay");
 
     info!("Moving /sysroot mount to /rootfs.ro");
@@ -83,13 +89,13 @@ fn mount_overlay() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn do_start_realms() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn do_start_realms() -> Result<()> {
     let manager = RealmManager::load()?;
-    Ok(manager.start_boot_realms()?)
+    manager.start_boot_realms()
 }
 
 // Write automount unit for /boot partition
-fn do_boot_automount() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn do_boot_automount() -> Result<()> {
     Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Info);
 
     if CommandLine::live_mode() || CommandLine::install_mode() {
@@ -99,10 +105,10 @@ fn do_boot_automount() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 
     let boot_partition = find_boot_partition()?;
     info!("Creating /boot automount units for boot partition {}", boot_partition);
-    Ok(cmd!("/usr/bin/systemd-mount", "-A --timeout-idle-sec=300 {} /boot", boot_partition)?)
+    cmd!("/usr/bin/systemd-mount", "-A --timeout-idle-sec=300 {} /boot", boot_partition)
 }
 
-fn find_boot_partition() -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn find_boot_partition() -> Result<String> {
     let loader_dev = read_loader_dev_efi_var()?;
     let boot_partitions = DiskPartition::boot_partitions(true)?
         .into_iter()
@@ -110,7 +116,7 @@ fn find_boot_partition() -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     if boot_partitions.len() != 1 {
-        return Result::Err("Cannot uniquely determine boot partition".into());
+        return Err(format_err!("Cannot uniquely determine boot partition"));
     }
 
     Ok(boot_partitions[0].path().display().to_string())
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ fn matches_loader_dev(partition: &DiskPartition, dev: &Option<String>) -> bool {
 const LOADER_EFI_VAR_PATH: &str =
     "/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/LoaderDevicePartUUID-4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f";
 
-fn read_loader_dev_efi_var() -> Result<Option<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn read_loader_dev_efi_var() -> Result<Option<String>> {
     let efi_var = Path::new(LOADER_EFI_VAR_PATH);
     if efi_var.exists() {
         let s = fs::read(efi_var)

citadel-tool/src/boot/rootfs.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::{Command,Stdio};
 
-use libcitadel::{BlockDev, ResourceImage, CommandLine, ImageHeader, Partition, LoopDevice};
+use libcitadel::{BlockDev, ResourceImage, CommandLine, ImageHeader, Partition, Result, LoopDevice};
 use libcitadel::verity::Verity;
 
-pub fn setup_rootfs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn setup_rootfs() -> Result<()> {
     let mut p = choose_boot_partiton(true, CommandLine::revert_rootfs())?;
     if CommandLine::noverity() {
         setup_partition_unverified(&p)
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn setup_rootfs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn setup_rootfs_resource(rootfs: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn setup_rootfs_resource(rootfs: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     if CommandLine::noverity() {
         setup_resource_unverified(&rootfs)
     } else {
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn setup_rootfs_resource(rootfs: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::
     }
 }
 
-fn setup_resource_unverified(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn setup_resource_unverified(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     if img.is_compressed() {
         img.decompress(false)?;
     }
@@ -30,31 +30,25 @@ fn setup_resource_unverified(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::err
     setup_linear_mapping(loopdev.device())
 }
 
-fn setup_resource_verified(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn setup_resource_verified(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     let _ = img.setup_verity_device()?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn setup_partition_unverified(p: &Partition) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn setup_partition_unverified(p: &Partition) -> Result<()> {
     info!("Creating /dev/mapper/rootfs device with linear device mapping of partition (no verity)");
     setup_linear_mapping(p.path())
 }
 
-fn setup_partition_verified(p: &mut Partition) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn setup_partition_verified(p: &mut Partition) -> Result<()> {
     info!("Creating /dev/mapper/rootfs dm-verity device");
     if !CommandLine::nosignatures() {
         if !p.has_public_key() {
-            return Result::Err(
-                format!(
-                    "no public key available for channel {}",
-                    p.metainfo().channel()
-                )
-                .into(),
-            );
+            bail!("no public key available for channel {}", p.metainfo().channel())
         }
         if !p.is_signature_valid() {
             p.write_status(ImageHeader::STATUS_BAD_SIG)?;
-            return Result::Err("signature verification failed on partition".into());
+            bail!("signature verification failed on partition");
         }
         info!("Image signature is valid for channel {}", p.metainfo().channel());
     }
@@ -62,7 +56,7 @@ fn setup_partition_verified(p: &mut Partition) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error:
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn setup_linear_mapping(blockdev: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn setup_linear_mapping(blockdev: &Path) -> Result<()> {
     let dev = BlockDev::open_ro(blockdev)?;
     let table = format!("0 {} linear {} 0", dev.nsectors()?, blockdev.display());
 
@@ -76,9 +70,7 @@ fn setup_linear_mapping(blockdev: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error
         .success();
 
     if !ok {
-        return Result::Err(
-            "failed to set up linear identity mapping with /usr/sbin/dmsetup".into(),
-        );
+        bail!("failed to set up linear identity mapping with /usr/sbin/dmsetup");
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -102,8 +94,7 @@ fn choose_revert_partition(best: Option<Partition>) -> Option<Partition> {
     best
 }
 
-fn choose_boot_partiton(scan: bool, revert_rootfs: bool,
-) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn choose_boot_partiton(scan: bool, revert_rootfs: bool) -> Result<Partition> {
     let mut partitions = Partition::rootfs_partitions()?;
 
     if scan {
@@ -145,17 +136,14 @@ fn compare_boot_partitions(a: Option<Partition>, b: Partition) -> Option<Partiti
     }
 
     // Compare versions and channels
-    let meta_a = a.metainfo();
-    let meta_b = b.metainfo();
-
-    let ver_a = meta_a.version();
-    let ver_b = meta_b.version();
+    let a_v = a.metainfo().version();
+    let b_v = b.metainfo().version();
 
     // Compare versions only if channels match
     if a.metainfo().channel() == b.metainfo().channel() {
-        if ver_a > ver_b {
+        if a_v > b_v {
             return Some(a);
-        } else if ver_b > ver_a {
+        } else if b_v > a_v {
             return Some(b);
         }
     }

citadel-tool/src/image/mod.rs

@@ -1,88 +1,97 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::exit;
-
-use clap::{App,Arg,SubCommand,ArgMatches};
-use clap::AppSettings::*;
-use libcitadel::{ResourceImage, Logger, LogLevel, Partition, KeyPair, ImageHeader, util};
+use clap::{Arg,ArgMatches};
+use clap::{command, ArgAction, Command};
 use hex;
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let app = App::new("citadel-image")
+use libcitadel::{Result, ResourceImage, Logger, LogLevel, Partition, KeyPair, ImageHeader, util};
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let matches = command!()
         .about("Citadel update image builder")
-        .settings(&[ArgRequiredElseHelp,ColoredHelp, DisableHelpSubcommand, DisableVersion, DeriveDisplayOrder])
+        .arg_required_else_help(true)
+        .disable_help_subcommand(true)
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("metainfo")
+                .about("Display metainfo variables for an image file")
+                .arg(Arg::new("path").required(true).help("Path to image file")),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("info")
+                .about("Display metainfo variables for an image file")
+                .arg(Arg::new("path").required(true).help("Path to image file")),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("generate-verity")
+                .about("Generate dm-verity hash tree for an image file")
+                .arg(Arg::new("path").required(true).help("Path to image file")),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("verify")
+                .about("Verify dm-verity hash tree for an image file")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("option")
+                        .long("option")
+                        .required(true)
+                        .help("Path to image file"),
+                ),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("install-rootfs")
+                .about("Install rootfs image file to a partition")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("choose")
+                        .long("just-choose")
+                        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                        .help("Don't install anything, just show which partition would be chosen"),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("skip-sha")
+                        .long("skip-sha")
+                        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                        .help("Skip verification of header sha256 value"),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("no-prefer")
+                        .long("no-prefer")
+                        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                        .help("Don't set PREFER_BOOT flag"),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("path")
+                        .required_unless_present("choose")
+                        .help("Path to image file"),
+                ),
+        )
+        .subcommand(Command::new("genkeys").about("Generate a pair of keys"))
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("decompress")
+                .about("Decompress a compressed image file")
+                .arg(Arg::new("path").required(true).help("Path to image file")),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("bless")
+                .about("Mark currently mounted rootfs partition as successfully booted"),
+        )
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("verify-shasum")
+                .about("Verify the sha256 sum of the image")
+                .arg(Arg::new("path").required(true).help("Path to image file")),
+        )
+        .get_matches();
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("metainfo")
-            .about("Display metainfo variables for an image file")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("info")
-            .about("Display metainfo variables for an image file")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("generate-verity")
-            .about("Generate dm-verity hash tree for an image file")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("verify")
-            .about("Verify dm-verity hash tree for an image file")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("install-rootfs")
-            .about("Install rootfs image file to a partition")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("choose")
-                .long("just-choose")
-                .help("Don't install anything, just show which partition would be chosen"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("skip-sha")
-                .long("skip-sha")
-                .help("Skip verification of header sha256 value"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("no-prefer")
-                .long("no-prefer")
-                .help("Don't set PREFER_BOOT flag"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required_unless("choose")
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("genkeys")
-            .about("Generate a pair of keys"))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("decompress")
-            .about("Decompress a compressed image file")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("bless")
-            .about("Mark currently mounted rootfs partition as successfully booted"))
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("verify-shasum")
-            .about("Verify the sha256 sum of the image")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                .required(true)
-                .help("Path to image file")));
-
-    Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Debug);
-
-    let matches = app.get_matches_from(args);
     let result = match matches.subcommand() {
-        ("metainfo", Some(m)) => metainfo(m),
-        ("info", Some(m)) => info(m),
-        ("generate-verity", Some(m)) => generate_verity(m),
-        ("verify", Some(m)) => verify(m),
-        ("sign-image", Some(m)) => sign_image(m),
-        ("genkeys", Some(_)) => genkeys(),
-        ("decompress", Some(m)) => decompress(m),
-        ("verify-shasum", Some(m)) => verify_shasum(m),
-        ("install-rootfs", Some(m)) => install_rootfs(m),
-        ("install", Some(m)) => install_image(m),
-        ("bless", Some(_)) => bless(),
+        Some(("metainfo", sub_m)) => metainfo(sub_m),
+        Some(("info", sub_m)) => info(sub_m),
+        Some(("generate-verity", sub_m)) => generate_verity(sub_m),
+        Some(("verify", sub_m)) => verify(sub_m),
+        Some(("sign-image", sub_m)) => sign_image(sub_m),
+        Some(("genkeys", _)) => genkeys(),
+        Some(("decompress", sub_m)) => decompress(sub_m),
+        Some(("verify-shasum", sub_m)) => verify_shasum(sub_m),
+        Some(("install-rootfs", sub_m)) => install_rootfs(sub_m),
+        Some(("install", sub_m)) => install_image(sub_m),
+        Some(("bless", _)) => bless(),
         _ => Ok(()),
     };
 
@@ -90,18 +99,16 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         println!("Error: {}", e);
         exit(1);
     }
-
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn info(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn info(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
-    print!("{}", String::from_utf8(img.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
+    print!("{}",String::from_utf8(img.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
     info_signature(&img)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn info_signature(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn info_signature(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     if img.header().has_signature() {
         println!("Signature: {}", hex::encode(&img.header().signature()));
     } else {
@@ -117,15 +124,15 @@ fn info_signature(img: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         },
         None => { println!("No public key found for channel '{}'", img.metainfo().channel()) },
     }
-    Ok(())
+   Ok(())
 }
-fn metainfo(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn metainfo(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
-    print!("{}", String::from_utf8(img.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
+    print!("{}",String::from_utf8(img.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn generate_verity(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn generate_verity(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     if img.has_verity_hashtree() {
         info!("Image already has dm-verity hashtree appended, doing nothing.");
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@ fn generate_verity(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::E
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn verify(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn verify(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     let ok = img.verify_verity()?;
     if ok {
@@ -146,7 +153,7 @@ fn verify(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn verify_shasum(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn verify_shasum(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     let shasum = img.generate_shasum()?;
     if shasum == img.metainfo().shasum() {
@@ -159,37 +166,39 @@ fn verify_shasum(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn load_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<ResourceImage, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let path = arg_matches.value_of("path").expect("path argument missing");
+fn load_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<ResourceImage> {
+    let path = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("path")
+        .expect("path argument missing");
+
     if !Path::new(path).exists() {
-        panic!("Cannot load image {}: File does not exist", path);
+        bail!("Cannot load image {}: File does not exist", path);
     }
     let img = ResourceImage::from_path(path)?;
     if !img.is_valid_image() {
-        panic!("File {} is not a valid image file", path);
+        bail!("File {} is not a valid image file", path);
     }
     Ok(img)
 }
 
-fn install_rootfs(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    if arg_matches.is_present("choose") {
+fn install_rootfs(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
+    if arg_matches.get_flag("choose") {
         let _ = choose_install_partition(true)?;
-        return Ok(());
+        return Ok(())
     }
 
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
 
-    if !arg_matches.is_present("skip-sha") {
+    if !arg_matches.get_flag("skip-sha") {
         info!("Verifying sha256 hash of image");
         let shasum = img.generate_shasum()?;
         if shasum != img.metainfo().shasum() {
-            panic!("image file does not have expected sha256 value");
+            bail!("image file does not have expected sha256 value");
         }
     }
 
     let partition = choose_install_partition(true)?;
 
-    if !arg_matches.is_present("no-prefer") {
+    if !arg_matches.get_flag("no-prefer") {
         clear_prefer_boot()?;
         img.header().set_flag(ImageHeader::FLAG_PREFER_BOOT);
     }
@@ -197,7 +206,7 @@ fn install_rootfs(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Er
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn clear_prefer_boot() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn clear_prefer_boot() -> Result<()> {
     for mut p in Partition::rootfs_partitions()? {
         if p.is_initialized() && p.header().has_flag(ImageHeader::FLAG_PREFER_BOOT) {
             p.clear_flag_and_write(ImageHeader::FLAG_PREFER_BOOT)?;
@@ -206,14 +215,16 @@ fn clear_prefer_boot() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn sign_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn sign_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let _img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     info!("Not implemented yet");
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>  {
-    let source = arg_matches.value_of("path").expect("path argument missing");
+fn install_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
+    let source = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("path")
+        .expect("path argument missing");
+
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     let _hdr = img.header();
     let metainfo = img.metainfo();
@@ -221,12 +232,12 @@ fn install_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
     // XXX verify signature?
 
     if !(metainfo.image_type() == "kernel" || metainfo.image_type() == "extra") {
-        panic!("Cannot install image type {}", metainfo.image_type());
+        bail!("Cannot install image type {}", metainfo.image_type());
     }
 
     let shasum = img.generate_shasum()?;
     if shasum != img.metainfo().shasum() {
-        panic!("Image shasum does not match metainfo");
+        bail!("Image shasum does not match metainfo");
     }
 
     img.generate_verity_hashtree()?;
@@ -234,10 +245,10 @@ fn install_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
     let filename = if metainfo.image_type() == "kernel" {
         let kernel_version = match metainfo.kernel_version() {
             Some(version) => version,
-            None => panic!("Kernel image does not have a kernel version field in metainfo"),
+            None => bail!("Kernel image does not have a kernel version field in metainfo"),
         };
         if kernel_version.chars().any(|c| c == '/') {
-            panic!("Kernel version field has / char");
+            bail!("Kernel version field has / char");
         }
         format!("citadel-kernel-{}-{:03}.img", kernel_version, metainfo.version())
     } else {
@@ -245,38 +256,33 @@ fn install_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
     };
 
     if !metainfo.channel().chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase()) {
-        panic!(
-            "Refusing to build path from strange channel name {}",
-            metainfo.channel()
-        );
+        bail!("Refusing to build path from strange channel name {}", metainfo.channel());
     }
     let image_dir = Path::new("/storage/resources").join(metainfo.channel());
     let image_dest = image_dir.join(filename);
     if image_dest.exists() {
         rotate(&image_dest)?;
     }
-    util::rename(source, &image_dest)?;
-    Ok(())
+    util::rename(source, &image_dest)
 }
 
-fn rotate(path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn rotate(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
     if !path.exists() || path.file_name().is_none() {
         return Ok(());
     }
     let filename = path.file_name().unwrap();
     let dot_zero = path.with_file_name(format!("{}.0", filename.to_string_lossy()));
     util::remove_file(&dot_zero)?;
-    util::rename(path, &dot_zero).unwrap();
-    Ok(())
+    util::rename(path, &dot_zero)
 }
 
-fn genkeys() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn genkeys() -> Result<()> {
     let keypair = KeyPair::generate();
     println!("keypair = \"{}\"", keypair.to_hex());
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn decompress(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn decompress(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = load_image(arg_matches)?;
     if !img.is_compressed() {
         info!("Image is not compressed, not decompressing.");
@@ -286,7 +292,7 @@ fn decompress(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn bless() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn bless() -> Result<()> {
     for mut p in Partition::rootfs_partitions()? {
         if p.is_initialized() && p.is_mounted() {
             p.bless()?;
@@ -305,7 +311,7 @@ fn bool_to_yesno(val: bool) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
-fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition> {
     let partitions = Partition::rootfs_partitions()?;
 
     if verbose {
@@ -320,12 +326,9 @@ fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::err
     for p in &partitions {
         if !p.is_mounted() && !p.is_initialized() {
             if verbose {
-                info!(
-                    "Choosing {} because it is empty and not mounted",
-                    p.path().display()
-                );
+                info!("Choosing {} because it is empty and not mounted", p.path().display());
             }
-            return Ok(p.clone());
+            return Ok(p.clone())
         }
     }
     for p in &partitions {
@@ -333,10 +336,10 @@ fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::err
             if verbose {
                 info!("Choosing {} because it is not mounted", p.path().display());
                 info!("Header metainfo:");
-                print!("{}", String::from_utf8(p.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
+                print!("{}",String::from_utf8(p.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
             }
-            return Ok(p.clone());
+            return Ok(p.clone())
         }
     }
-    panic!("No suitable install partition found")
+    bail!("No suitable install partition found")
 }

citadel-tool/src/install/cli.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::io::{self,Write};
 use std::path::Path;
+use libcitadel::Result;
 use super::disk::Disk;
 use rpassword;
 use crate::install::installer::Installer;
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::install::installer::Installer;
 const CITADEL_PASSPHRASE_PROMPT: &str = "Enter a password for the Citadel user (or 'q' to quit)";
 const LUKS_PASSPHRASE_PROMPT: &str = "Enter a disk encryption passphrase (or 'q' to quit";
 
-pub fn run_cli_install() -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn run_cli_install() -> Result<bool> {
     let disk = match choose_disk()? {
         Some(disk) => disk,
         None => return Ok(false),
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn run_cli_install() -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(true)
 }
 
-pub fn run_cli_install_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(target: P) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn run_cli_install_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(target: P) -> Result<bool> {
     let disk = find_disk_by_path(target.as_ref())?;
     display_disk(&disk);
 
@@ -54,15 +55,11 @@ pub fn run_cli_install_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(target: P) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn s
     Ok(true)
 }
 
-fn run_install(
-    disk: Disk,
-    citadel_passphrase: String,
-    passphrase: String,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn run_install(disk: Disk, citadel_passphrase: String, passphrase: String) -> Result<()> {
     let mut install = Installer::new(disk.path(), &citadel_passphrase, &passphrase);
     install.set_install_syslinux(true);
     install.verify()?;
-    Ok(install.run()?)
+    install.run()
 }
 
 fn display_disk(disk: &Disk) {
@@ -73,22 +70,22 @@ fn display_disk(disk: &Disk) {
     println!();
 }
 
-fn find_disk_by_path(path: &Path) -> Result<Disk, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn find_disk_by_path(path: &Path) -> Result<Disk> {
     if !path.exists() {
-        panic!("Target disk path {} does not exist", path.display());
+        bail!("Target disk path {} does not exist", path.display());
     }
     for disk in Disk::probe_all()? {
         if disk.path() == path {
             return Ok(disk.clone());
         }
     }
-    panic!("installation target {} is not a valid disk", path.display())
+    bail!("installation target {} is not a valid disk", path.display())
 }
 
-fn choose_disk() -> Result<Option<Disk>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn choose_disk() -> Result<Option<Disk>> {
     let disks = Disk::probe_all()?;
     if disks.is_empty() {
-        panic!("no disks found.");
+        bail!("no disks found.");
     }
 
     loop {
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ fn choose_disk() -> Result<Option<Disk>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         }
         if let Ok(n) = line.parse::<usize>() {
             if n > 0 && n <= disks.len() {
-                return Ok(Some(disks[n - 1].clone()));
+                return Ok(Some(disks[n-1].clone()));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ fn prompt_choose_disk(disks: &[Disk]) {
     let _ = io::stdout().flush();
 }
 
-fn read_line() -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn read_line() -> Result<String> {
     let mut input = String::new();
     io::stdin().read_line(&mut input)
         .map_err(context!("error reading line from stdin"))?;
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ fn read_passphrase(prompt: &str) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {
     loop {
         println!("{}", prompt);
         println!();
-        let passphrase = rpassword::read_password_from_tty(Some("  Passphrase : "))?;
+        let passphrase = rpassword::prompt_password("  Passphrase : ")?;
         if passphrase.is_empty() {
             println!("Passphrase cannot be empty");
             continue;
@@ -136,7 +133,7 @@ fn read_passphrase(prompt: &str) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {
         if passphrase == "q" || passphrase == "Q" {
             return Ok(None);
         }
-        let confirm    = rpassword::read_password_from_tty(Some("  Confirm    : "))?;
+        let confirm = rpassword::prompt_password("  Confirm    : ")?;
         if confirm == "q" || confirm == "Q" {
             return Ok(None);
         }
@@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ fn read_passphrase(prompt: &str) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {
     }
 }
 
-fn confirm_install(disk: &Disk) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn confirm_install(disk: &Disk) -> Result<bool> {
     println!("Are you sure you want to completely erase this this device?");
     println!();
     println!("  Device: {}", disk.path().display());
@@ -161,3 +158,4 @@ fn confirm_install(disk: &Disk) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let answer = read_line()?;
     Ok(answer == "YES")
 }
+

citadel-tool/src/install/installer.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use pwhash::sha512_crypt;
 
 use libcitadel::util;
 use libcitadel::RealmFS;
+use libcitadel::Result;
 use libcitadel::OsRelease;
 use libcitadel::KeyRing;
 use libcitadel::terminal::Base16Scheme;
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ impl Installer {
         self.install_syslinux = val;
     }
 
-    pub fn verify(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn verify(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let kernel_img = self.kernel_imagename();
         let bzimage = format!("bzImage-{}", self.kernel_version());
         let artifacts = vec![
@@ -191,29 +192,26 @@ impl Installer {
         ];
 
         if !self.target().exists() {
-            panic!("target device {:?} does not exist", self.target());
+            bail!("target device {:?} does not exist", self.target());
         }
 
         for a in artifacts {
             if !self.artifact_path(a).exists() {
-                panic!(
-                    "required install artifact {} does not exist in {}",
-                    a, self.artifact_directory
-                );
+                bail!("required install artifact {} does not exist in {}", a, self.artifact_directory);
             }
         }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn run(&self) -> Result<()> {
         match self._type {
             InstallType::Install => self.run_install(),
             InstallType::LiveSetup => self.run_live_setup(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn run_install(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn run_install(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let start = Instant::now();
         self.partition_disk()?;
         self.setup_luks()?;
@@ -226,7 +224,7 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn run_live_setup(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn run_live_setup(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.cmd_list(&[
             "/bin/mount -t tmpfs var-tmpfs /sysroot/var",
             "/bin/mount -t tmpfs home-tmpfs /sysroot/home",
@@ -244,7 +242,8 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn setup_live_realm(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_live_realm(&self) -> Result<()> {
+
         let realmfs_dir = self.storage().join("realms/realmfs-images");
         let base_realmfs = realmfs_dir.join("base-realmfs.img");
 
@@ -262,14 +261,14 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn partition_disk(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn partition_disk(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Partitioning target disk")?;
         self.cmd_list(PARTITION_COMMANDS, &[
             ("$TARGET", self.target_str())
         ])
     }
 
-    pub fn setup_luks(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn setup_luks(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Setting up LUKS disk encryption")?;
         util::create_dir(INSTALL_MOUNT)?;
         util::write_file(LUKS_PASSPHRASE_FILE, self.passphrase().as_bytes())?;
@@ -282,16 +281,15 @@ impl Installer {
             ("$LUKS_PASSFILE", LUKS_PASSPHRASE_FILE),
         ])?;
 
-        util::remove_file(LUKS_PASSPHRASE_FILE)?;
-        Ok(())
+        util::remove_file(LUKS_PASSPHRASE_FILE)
     }
 
-    pub fn setup_lvm(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn setup_lvm(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Setting up LVM volumes")?;
         self.cmd_list(LVM_COMMANDS, &[])
     }
 
-    pub fn setup_boot(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn setup_boot(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Setting up /boot partition")?;
         let boot_partition = self.target_partition(1);
         self.cmd(format!("/sbin/mkfs.vfat -F 32 {}", boot_partition))?;
@@ -325,11 +323,11 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn setup_syslinux(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_syslinux(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Installing syslinux")?;
         let syslinux_src = self.artifact_path("syslinux");
         if !syslinux_src.exists() {
-            panic!("no syslinux directory found in artifact directory, cannot install syslinux");
+            bail!("no syslinux directory found in artifact directory, cannot install syslinux");
         }
         let dst = Path::new(INSTALL_MOUNT).join("syslinux");
         util::create_dir(&dst)?;
@@ -347,17 +345,17 @@ impl Installer {
         self.cmd(format!("/sbin/extlinux --install {}", dst.display()))
     }
 
-    fn setup_syslinux_post_umount(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_syslinux_post_umount(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let mbrbin = self.artifact_path("syslinux/gptmbr.bin");
         if !mbrbin.exists() {
-            panic!("could not find MBR image: {:?}", mbrbin);
+            bail!("could not find MBR image: {:?}", mbrbin);
         }
         self.cmd(format!("/bin/dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if={} of={}", mbrbin.display(), self.target().display()))?;
         self.cmd(format!("/sbin/parted -s {} set 1 legacy_boot on", self.target_str()))
 
     }
 
-    pub fn create_storage(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn create_storage(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Setting up /storage partition")?;
 
         self.cmd_list(CREATE_STORAGE_COMMANDS,
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@ impl Installer {
         self.cmd(format!("/bin/umount {}", INSTALL_MOUNT))
     }
 
-    fn setup_storage(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_storage(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if self._type == InstallType::Install {
             self.create_keyring()?;
             self.setup_storage_resources()?;
@@ -391,33 +389,33 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn create_keyring(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn create_keyring(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.info("Creating initial keyring")?;
         let keyring = KeyRing::create_new();
-        Ok(keyring.write(self.storage().join("keyring"), self.passphrase.as_ref().unwrap())?)
+        keyring.write(self.storage().join("keyring"), self.passphrase.as_ref().unwrap())
     }
 
-    fn setup_base_realmfs(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+
+    fn setup_base_realmfs(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let realmfs_dir = self.storage().join("realms/realmfs-images");
         util::create_dir(&realmfs_dir)?;
         self.sparse_copy_artifact("base-realmfs.img", &realmfs_dir)?;
         self.cmd(format!("/usr/bin/citadel-image decompress {}/base-realmfs.img", realmfs_dir.display()))
     }
 
-    fn setup_realm_skel(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_realm_skel(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let realm_skel = self.storage().join("realms/skel");
         util::create_dir(&realm_skel)?;
-        util::copy_tree_with_chown(&self.skel(), &realm_skel, (1000, 1000))?;
-        Ok(())
+        util::copy_tree_with_chown(&self.skel(), &realm_skel, (1000,1000))
     }
 
-    fn create_realmlock(&self, dir: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn create_realmlock(&self, dir: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         fs::File::create(dir.join(".realmlock"))
             .map_err(context!("failed to create {:?}/.realmlock file", dir))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn setup_main_realm(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_main_realm(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Creating main realm")?;
 
         let realm = self.storage().join("realms/realm-main");
@@ -442,7 +440,7 @@ impl Installer {
         self.create_realmlock(&realm)
     }
 
-    fn setup_apt_cacher_realm(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_apt_cacher_realm(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Creating apt-cacher realm")?;
         let realm_base = self.storage().join("realms/realm-apt-cacher");
 
@@ -462,7 +460,7 @@ impl Installer {
         self.create_realmlock(&realm_base)
     }
 
-    fn setup_storage_resources(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_storage_resources(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let channel = match OsRelease::citadel_channel() {
             Some(channel) => channel,
             None => "dev",
@@ -476,7 +474,7 @@ impl Installer {
         self.sparse_copy_artifact(&kernel_img, &resources)
     }
 
-    fn setup_citadel_passphrase(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn setup_citadel_passphrase(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if self._type == InstallType::LiveSetup {
             self.info("Creating temporary citadel passphrase file for live mode")?;
             let path = self.storage().join("citadel-state/passwd");
@@ -499,15 +497,17 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn install_rootfs_partitions(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn install_rootfs_partitions(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.header("Installing rootfs partitions")?;
         let rootfs = self.artifact_path("citadel-rootfs.img");
         self.cmd(format!("/usr/bin/citadel-image install-rootfs --skip-sha {}", rootfs.display()))?;
         self.cmd(format!("/usr/bin/citadel-image install-rootfs --skip-sha --no-prefer {}", rootfs.display()))
     }
 
-    pub fn finish_install(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        self.cmd_list(FINISH_COMMANDS, &[("$TARGET", self.target_str())])
+    pub fn finish_install(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.cmd_list(FINISH_COMMANDS, &[
+            ("$TARGET", self.target_str())
+        ])
     }
 
     fn global_realm_config(&self) -> &str {
@@ -546,33 +546,16 @@ impl Installer {
         Path::new(&self.artifact_directory).join(filename)
     }
 
-    fn copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-        &self,
-        filename: &str,
-        target: P,
-    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, filename: &str, target: P) -> Result<()> {
         self._copy_artifact(filename, target, false)
     }
 
-    fn sparse_copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-        &self,
-        filename: &str,
-        target: P,
-    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn sparse_copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, filename: &str, target: P) -> Result<()> {
         self._copy_artifact(filename, target, true)
     }
 
-    fn _copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-        &self,
-        filename: &str,
-        target: P,
-        sparse: bool,
-    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        self.info(format!(
-            "Copying {} to {}",
-            filename,
-            target.as_ref().display()
-        ))?;
+    fn _copy_artifact<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, filename: &str, target: P, sparse: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        self.info(format!("Copying {} to {}", filename, target.as_ref().display()))?;
         let src = self.artifact_path(filename);
         let target = target.as_ref();
         util::create_dir(target)?;
@@ -585,19 +568,20 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn header<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn header<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<()> {
         self.output(format!("\n[+] {}\n", s.as_ref()))
     }
 
-    fn info<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn info<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<()> {
         self.output(format!("    [>] {}", s.as_ref()))
     }
 
-    fn output<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        self.write_output(s.as_ref())
+
+    fn output<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, s: S) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_output(s.as_ref()).map_err(context!("error writing output"))
     }
 
-    fn write_output(&self, s: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn write_output(&self, s: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
         println!("{}", s);
         io::stdout().flush()?;
 
@@ -608,11 +592,7 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn cmd_list<I: IntoIterator<Item = S>, S: AsRef<str>>(
-        &self,
-        cmd_lines: I,
-        subs: &[(&str, &str)],
-    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn cmd_list<I: IntoIterator<Item=S>, S: AsRef<str>>(&self, cmd_lines: I, subs: &[(&str,&str)]) -> Result<()> {
         for line in cmd_lines {
             let line = line.as_ref();
             let line = subs.iter().fold(line.to_string(), |acc, (from,to)| acc.replace(from,to));
@@ -622,12 +602,12 @@ impl Installer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn cmd<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, args: S) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn cmd<S: AsRef<str>>(&self, args: S) -> Result<()> {
         let args: Vec<&str> = args.as_ref().split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>();
         self.run_cmd(args, false)
     }
 
-    fn run_cmd(&self, args: Vec<&str>, as_user: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn run_cmd(&self, args: Vec<&str>, as_user: bool) -> Result<()> {
         self.output(format!("    # {}", args.join(" ")))?;
 
         let mut command = Command::new(args[0]);
@@ -652,8 +632,8 @@ impl Installer {
 
         if !result.status.success() {
             match result.status.code() {
-                Some(code) => panic!("command {} failed with exit code: {}", args[0], code),
-                None => panic!("command {} failed with no exit code", args[0]),
+                Some(code) => bail!("command {} failed with exit code: {}", args[0], code),
+                None => bail!("command {} failed with no exit code", args[0]),
             }
         }
         Ok(())

citadel-tool/src/install/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub(crate) mod installer;
 mod cli;
 mod disk;
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) {
     let mut args = args.iter().skip(1);
     let result = if let Some(dev) = args.next() {
         cli::run_cli_install_with(dev)
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         Err(ref err) => {
             println!("Install failed: {}", err);
             exit(1);
-        }
+        },
     };
     if !ok {
         println!("Install cancelled...");
     }
-
-    Ok(())
 }
+

citadel-tool/src/install_backend/dbus.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::sync::mpsc::{Sender};
 use dbus::tree::{self, Factory, MTFn, MethodResult, Tree};
 use dbus::{Message};
 use dbus::blocking::LocalConnection;
+use libcitadel::{Result};
 // Use local version of disk.rs since we added some methods
 use crate::install_backend::disk::*;
 use crate::install::installer::*;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 type MethodInfo<'a> = tree::MethodInfo<'a, MTFn<TData>, TData>;
 
+
 const OBJECT_PATH: &str = "/com/subgraph/installer";
 const INTERFACE_NAME: &str = "com.subgraph.installer.Manager";
 const BUS_NAME: &str = "com.subgraph.installer";
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ pub struct DbusServer {
 }
 
 impl DbusServer {
-    pub fn connect() -> Result<DbusServer, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+
+    pub fn connect() -> Result<DbusServer> {
         let connection = LocalConnection::new_system()
             .map_err(|e| format_err!("Failed to connect to DBUS system bus: {}", e))?;
         let connection = Arc::new(connection);
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ impl DbusServer {
         Ok(vec![m.msg.method_return().append1(list)])
     }
 
-    fn run_install(path: String, citadel_passphrase: String, luks_passphrase: String, sender: Sender<Msg>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn run_install(path: String, citadel_passphrase: String, luks_passphrase: String, sender: Sender<Msg>) -> Result<()> {
         let mut install = Installer::new(path, &citadel_passphrase, &luks_passphrase);
         install.set_install_syslinux(true);
         install.verify()?;
@@ -171,12 +174,12 @@ impl DbusServer {
         Message::signal(&path, &iface, &member).append1(text)
     }
 
-    pub fn start(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel::<Msg>();
+    pub fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel::<Msg>(); 
         let sender_clone = sender.clone();
         let tree = self.build_tree(sender);
         if let Err(_err) = self.connection.request_name(BUS_NAME, false, true, false) {
-            panic!("Failed to request name");
+            bail!("Failed to request name");
         }
 
         tree.start_receive(self.connection.as_ref());
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ impl DbusServer {
             }
         }
     }
+
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -239,6 +243,7 @@ impl TreeData {
         TreeData {}
     }
 
+
     fn disks(&self) -> HashMap<String, Vec<String>> {
         let disks = Disk::probe_all().unwrap();
          
@@ -252,6 +257,7 @@ impl TreeData {
         }
         disk_map
     }
+
 }
 impl fmt::Debug for TreeData {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {

citadel-tool/src/install_backend/mod.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
+use libcitadel::Result;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 mod disk;
 mod dbus;
 use libcitadel::CommandLine;
 
-pub fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main() {
     if CommandLine::install_mode() {
-        run_dbus_server()
+        if let Err(e) = run_dbus_server() {
+            warn!("Error: {}", e);
+        }
     } else {
         println!("Citadel installer backend will only run in install or live mode");
         exit(1);
     }
 }
 
-fn run_dbus_server() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn run_dbus_server() -> Result<()> {
     let server = dbus::DbusServer::connect()?;
     server.start()?;
     Ok(())
 }
+

citadel-tool/src/main.rs

@@ -17,74 +17,68 @@ mod realmfs;
 mod sync;
 mod update;
 
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let exe = env::current_exe()?;
+fn main() {
+    let exe = match env::current_exe() {
+        Ok(path) => path,
+        Err(_e) => {
+            return;
+        },
+    };
 
     let args = env::args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
 
     if exe == Path::new("/usr/libexec/citadel-boot") {
-        boot::main(args)
+        boot::main(args);
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/libexec/citadel-install") {
-        install::main(args)
+        install::main(args);
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/libexec/citadel-install-backend") {
-        install_backend::main()
+        install_backend::main();
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/bin/citadel-image") {
-        image::main(args)
+        image::main();
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/bin/citadel-realmfs") {
-        realmfs::main(args)
+        realmfs::main();
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/bin/citadel-update") {
-        update::main(args)
+        update::main(args);
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/libexec/citadel-desktop-sync") {
-        sync::main(args)
+        sync::main(args);
     } else if exe == Path::new("/usr/libexec/citadel-run") {
-        do_citadel_run(args)
+        do_citadel_run(args);
     } else if exe.file_name() == Some(OsStr::new("citadel-mkimage")) {
-        mkimage::main(args)
+        mkimage::main(args);
     } else if exe.file_name() == Some(OsStr::new("citadel-tool")) {
-        dispatch_command(args)
+        dispatch_command(args);
     } else {
-        Result::Err(format!("Error: unknown executable {}", exe.display()).into())
+        println!("Error: unknown executable {}", exe.display());
     }
 }
 
-fn dispatch_command(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn dispatch_command(args: Vec<String>) {
     if let Some(command) = args.get(1) {
         match command.as_str() {
             "boot" => boot::main(rebuild_args("citadel-boot", args)),
             "install" => install::main(rebuild_args("citadel-install", args)),
-            "image" => image::main(rebuild_args("citadel-image", args)),
-            "realmfs" => realmfs::main(rebuild_args("citadel-realmfs", args)),
+            "image" => image::main(),
+            "realmfs" => realmfs::main(),
             "update" => update::main(rebuild_args("citadel-update", args)),
             "mkimage" => mkimage::main(rebuild_args("citadel-mkimage", args)),
             "sync" => sync::main(rebuild_args("citadel-desktop-sync", args)),
             "run" => do_citadel_run(rebuild_args("citadel-run", args)),
-            _ => throw_err(command),
+            _ => println!("Error: unknown command {}", command),
         }
     } else {
-        Result::Err("Must provide an argument".into())
+        println!("Must provide an argument");
     }
 }
 
-fn throw_err(command: &String) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    Result::Err(format!("Error: unknown command {}", command).into())
-}
-
 fn rebuild_args(command: &str, args: Vec<String>) -> Vec<String> {
     iter::once(command.to_string())
         .chain(args.into_iter().skip(2))
         .collect()
 }
 
-fn do_citadel_run(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn do_citadel_run(args: Vec<String>) {
     if let Err(e) = RealmManager::run_in_current(&args[1..], true) {
-        return Result::Err(
-            format!(
-                "RealmManager::run_in_current({:?}) failed: {}",
-                &args[1..],
-                e
-            )
-            .into(),
-        );
+        println!("RealmManager::run_in_current({:?}) failed: {}", &args[1..], e);
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
+

citadel-tool/src/mkimage/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 
 use std::process::exit;
 
+use libcitadel::Result;
+
 mod config;
 mod build;
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) {
+
     let config_path = match args.get(1) {
         Some(arg) => arg,
         None => {
@@ -18,11 +21,11 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    Ok(())
+
 }
 
-fn build_image(config_path: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn build_image(config_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let conf = config::BuildConfig::load(config_path)?;
     let mut builder = build::UpdateBuilder::new(conf);
-    Ok(builder.build()?)
-}
+    builder.build()
+}

citadel-tool/src/realmfs/mod.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
-use clap::App;
-use clap::ArgMatches;
+use clap::{command, Command};
+use clap::{Arg, ArgMatches};
 
-use libcitadel::{RealmFS, Logger, LogLevel};
+use libcitadel::{Result,RealmFS,Logger,LogLevel};
 use libcitadel::util::is_euid_root;
-use clap::SubCommand;
-use clap::AppSettings::*;
-use clap::Arg;
 use libcitadel::ResizeSize;
+use std::process::exit;
+
+pub fn main() {
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Debug);
 
-    let app = App::new("citadel-realmfs")
-        .about("Citadel realmfs image tool")
-        .settings(&[ArgRequiredElseHelp,ColoredHelp, DisableHelpSubcommand, DisableVersion, DeriveDisplayOrder,SubcommandsNegateReqs])
-
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("resize")
+    let matches = command!()
+        .about("citadel-realmfs")
+        .arg_required_else_help(true)
+        .subcommand(Command::new("resize")
             .about("Resize an existing RealmFS image. If the image is currently sealed, it will also be unsealed.")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image to resize")
                 .required(true))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("size")
+            .arg(Arg::new("size")
                 .help("Size to increase RealmFS image to (or by if prefixed with '+')")
                 .long_help("\
 The size can be followed by a 'g' or 'm' character \
@@ -33,63 +31,66 @@ is the final absolute size of the image.")
                 .required(true)))
 
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("fork")
+        .subcommand(Command::new("fork")
             .about("Create a new RealmFS image as an unsealed copy of an existing image")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image to fork")
                 .required(true))
 
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("forkname")
+            .arg(Arg::new("forkname")
                 .help("Name of new image to create")
                 .required(true)))
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("autoresize")
+        .subcommand(Command::new("autoresize")
             .about("Increase size of RealmFS image if not enough free space remains")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image")
                 .required(true)))
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("update")
+        .subcommand(Command::new("update")
             .about("Open an update shell on the image")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image")
                 .required(true)))
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("activate")
+        .subcommand(Command::new("activate")
             .about("Activate a RealmFS by creating a block device for the image and mounting it.")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image to activate")
                 .required(true)))
 
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("deactivate")
+        .subcommand(Command::new("deactivate")
             .about("Deactivate a RealmFS by unmounting it and removing block device created during activation.")
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+            .arg(Arg::new("image")
                 .help("Path or name of RealmFS image to deactivate")
                 .required(true)))
 
 
-        .arg(Arg::with_name("image")
+        .arg(Arg::new("image")
             .help("Name of or path to RealmFS image to display information about")
-            .required(true));
+            .required(true))
+        .get_matches();
 
-    let matches = app.get_matches_from(args);
     let result = match matches.subcommand() {
-        ("resize", Some(m)) => resize(m),
-        ("autoresize", Some(m)) => autoresize(m),
-        ("fork", Some(m)) => fork(m),
-        ("update", Some(m)) => update(m),
-        ("activate", Some(m)) => activate(m),
-        ("deactivate", Some(m)) => deactivate(m),
+        Some(("resize", m)) => resize(m),
+        Some(("autoresize", m)) => autoresize(m),
+        Some(("fork", m)) => fork(m),
+        Some(("update", m)) => update(m),
+        Some(("activate", m)) => activate(m),
+        Some(("deactivate", m)) => deactivate(m),
         _ => image_info(&matches),
-    }?;
+    };
 
-    Ok(())
+    if let Err(ref e) = result {
+        eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
+        exit(1);
+    }
 }
 
-fn realmfs_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<RealmFS, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let image = match arg_matches.value_of("image") {
+fn realmfs_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<RealmFS> {
+    let image = match arg_matches.get_one::<String>("image") {
         Some(s) => s,
-        None => panic!("Image argument required."),
+        None => bail!("Image argument required."),
     };
 
     let realmfs = if RealmFS::is_valid_name(image) {
@@ -97,45 +98,41 @@ fn realmfs_image(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<RealmFS, Box<dyn std::error
     } else if RealmFS::is_valid_realmfs_image(image) {
         RealmFS::load_from_path(image)?
     } else {
-        panic!(
-            "Not a valid realmfs name or path to realmfs image file: {}",
-            image
-        );
+        bail!("Not a valid realmfs name or path to realmfs image file: {}", image);
     };
     Ok(realmfs)
 }
 
-fn image_info(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn image_info(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
     print!("{}", String::from_utf8(img.header().metainfo_bytes())?);
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn parse_resize_size(s: &str) -> Result<ResizeSize, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn parse_resize_size(s: &str) -> Result<ResizeSize> {
     let unit = s.chars().last().filter(|c| c.is_alphabetic());
 
     let skip = if s.starts_with('+') { 1 } else { 0 };
-    let size = s
-        .chars()
+    let size = s.chars()
         .skip(skip)
         .take_while(|c| c.is_numeric())
         .collect::<String>()
         .parse::<usize>()
-        .map_err(|_| format_err!("Unable to parse size value '{}'", s))?;
+        .map_err(|_| format_err!("Unable to parse size value '{}'",s))?;
 
     let sz = match unit {
         Some('g') | Some('G') => ResizeSize::gigs(size),
         Some('m') | Some('M') => ResizeSize::megs(size),
-        Some(c) => panic!("Unknown size unit '{}'", c),
+        Some(c) => bail!("Unknown size unit '{}'", c),
         None => ResizeSize::blocks(size),
     };
     Ok(sz)
 }
 
-fn resize(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn resize(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
     info!("image is {}", img.path().display());
-    let size_arg = match arg_matches.value_of("size") {
+    let size_arg = match arg_matches.get_one::<String>("size") {
         Some(size) => size,
         None => "No size argument",
     };
@@ -144,55 +141,51 @@ fn resize(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let size = parse_resize_size(size_arg)?;
 
     if mode_add {
-        img.resize_grow_by(size)?;
+        img.resize_grow_by(size)
     } else {
-        img.resize_grow_to(size)?;
+        img.resize_grow_to(size)
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn autoresize(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn autoresize(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
 
     if let Some(size) = img.auto_resize_size() {
-        img.resize_grow_to(size)?;
+        img.resize_grow_to(size)
     } else {
-        info!(
-            "RealmFS image {} has sufficient free space, doing nothing",
-            img.path().display()
-        );
+        info!("RealmFS image {} has sufficient free space, doing nothing", img.path().display());
+        Ok(())
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn fork(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn fork(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
-    let forkname = match arg_matches.value_of("forkname") {
+    let forkname = match arg_matches.get_one::<String>("forkname") {
         Some(name) => name,
-        None => panic!("No fork name argument"),
+        None => bail!("No fork name argument"),
     };
     if !RealmFS::is_valid_name(forkname) {
-        panic!("Not a valid RealmFS image name '{}'", forkname);
+        bail!("Not a valid RealmFS image name '{}'", forkname);
     }
     if RealmFS::named_image_exists(forkname) {
-        panic!("A RealmFS image named '{}' already exists", forkname);
+        bail!("A RealmFS image named '{}' already exists", forkname);
     }
     img.fork(forkname)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn update(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn update(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     if !is_euid_root() {
-        panic!("RealmFS updates must be run as root");
+        bail!("RealmFS updates must be run as root");
     }
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
     img.interactive_update(Some("icy"))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn activate(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn activate(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
-    let img_arg = arg_matches.value_of("image").unwrap();
+    let img_arg = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("image").unwrap();
 
     if img.is_activated() {
         info!("RealmFS image {} is already activated", img_arg);
@@ -203,9 +196,9 @@ fn activate(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn deactivate(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn deactivate(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let img = realmfs_image(arg_matches)?;
-    let img_arg = arg_matches.value_of("image").unwrap();
+    let img_arg = arg_matches.get_one::<String>("image").unwrap();
     if !img.is_activated() {
         info!("RealmFS image {} is not activated", img_arg);
     } else if img.is_in_use() {

citadel-tool/src/sync/desktop_sync.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::path::{Path,PathBuf};
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
-use libcitadel::{Realm, Realms, util};
+use libcitadel::{Realm, Realms, Result, util};
 use crate::sync::parser::DesktopFileParser;
 use std::fs::DirEntry;
 use crate::sync::desktop_file::DesktopFile;
@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ pub struct DesktopFileSync {
     icons: Option<IconSync>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Eq,PartialEq,Hash)]
 struct DesktopItem {
     path: PathBuf,
     mtime: SystemTime,
 }
 
 impl DesktopItem {
+
     fn new(path: PathBuf, mtime: SystemTime) -> Self {
         DesktopItem { path, mtime }
     }
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ impl DesktopItem {
 impl DesktopFileSync {
     pub const CITADEL_APPLICATIONS: &'static str = "/home/citadel/.local/share/applications";
 
-    pub fn sync_active_realms() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn sync_active_realms() -> Result<()> {
         let realms = Realms::load()?;
         for realm in realms.active(true) {
             let mut sync = DesktopFileSync::new(realm);
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
         DesktopFileSync { realm, items: HashSet::new(), icons }
     }
 
-    pub fn run_sync(&mut self, clear: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn run_sync(&mut self, clear: bool) -> Result<()> {
 
         IconSync::ensure_theme_index_exists()?;
 
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn collect_source_files(&mut self,  directory: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>  {
-        let mut directory = Realms::current_realm_symlink().join(directory.as_ref());
+    fn collect_source_files(&mut self,  directory: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut directory = self.realm.run_path().join(directory.as_ref());
         directory.push("share/applications");
         if directory.exists() {
             util::read_directory(&directory, |dent| {
@@ -118,16 +119,20 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn clear_target_files() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    Ok(util::read_directory(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS, |dent| {
+    pub fn clear_target_files() -> Result<()> {
+        util::read_directory(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS, |dent| {
             util::remove_file(dent.path())
-        })?)
+        })
     }
 
-    fn remove_missing_target_files(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        let sources = self.source_filenames();
+    fn remove_missing_target_files(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut sources = self.source_filenames();
+        // If flatpak is enabled, don't remove the generated GNOME Software desktop file
+        if self.realm.config().flatpak() {
+            sources.insert(format!("realm-{}.org.gnome.Software.desktop", self.realm.name()));
+        }
         let prefix = format!("realm-{}.", self.realm.name());
-        Ok(util::read_directory(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS, |dent| {
+        util::read_directory(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS, |dent| {
             if let Some(filename) = dent.file_name().to_str() {
                 if filename.starts_with(&prefix) && !sources.contains(filename) {
                     let path = dent.path();
@@ -136,7 +141,7 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
                 }
             }
             Ok(())
-        })?)
+        })
     }
 
     fn mtime(path: &Path) -> Option<SystemTime> {
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    fn synchronize_items(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn synchronize_items(&self) -> Result<()> {
         for item in &self.items {
             let target = Path::new(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS).join(item.filename());
             if item.is_newer_than(&target) {
@@ -179,9 +184,11 @@ impl DesktopFileSync {
         }
     }
 
-    fn sync_item(&self, item: &DesktopItem) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn sync_item(&self, item: &DesktopItem) -> Result<()> {
         let mut dfp = DesktopFileParser::parse_from_path(&item.path, "/usr/libexec/citadel-run ")?;
-        if dfp.is_showable() {
+        // When use-flatpak is enabled a gnome-software desktop file will be generated
+        let flatpak_gs_hide = dfp.filename() == "org.gnome.Software.desktop" && self.realm.config().flatpak();
+        if dfp.is_showable() && !flatpak_gs_hide {
             self.sync_item_icon(&mut dfp);
             dfp.write_to_dir(Self::CITADEL_APPLICATIONS, Some(&self.realm))?;
         } else {

citadel-tool/src/sync/icons.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use libcitadel::{Result, util, Realm};
 use std::cell::{RefCell, Cell};
-use std::fs;
 use crate::sync::desktop_file::DesktopFile;
 use crate::sync::REALM_BASE_PATHS;
 

citadel-tool/src/sync/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use libcitadel::{Logger, LogLevel};
+use libcitadel::{Result, Logger, LogLevel};
 
 mod desktop_file;
 mod parser;
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ fn has_arg(args: &[String], arg: &str) -> bool {
 
 pub const REALM_BASE_PATHS:&[&str]  = &[
     "rootfs/usr",
-    "rootfs/var/lib/flatpak/exports",
+    "flatpak/exports",
     "home/.local",
     "home/.local/share/flatpak/exports"
 ];
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) {
+
     if has_arg(&args, "-v") {
         Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Debug);
     } else {
@@ -36,14 +37,12 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             println!("Desktop file sync failed: {}", e);
         }
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn sync(clear: bool) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn sync(clear: bool) -> Result<()> {
     if let Some(mut sync) = DesktopFileSync::new_current() {
-        sync.run_sync(clear)?
+        sync.run_sync(clear)
     } else {
-        DesktopFileSync::clear_target_files()?
+        DesktopFileSync::clear_target_files()
     }
-    Ok(())
 }

citadel-tool/src/update/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-use libcitadel::{Partition, ResourceImage, ImageHeader, LogLevel, Logger, util};
+use libcitadel::{Result, Partition, ResourceImage, ImageHeader, LogLevel, Logger, util};
 use crate::update::kernel::{KernelInstaller, KernelVersion};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::fs::{DirEntry, File};
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const FLAG_QUIET: u32 = 0x04;
 const RESOURCES_DIRECTORY: &str = "/storage/resources";
 const TEMP_DIRECTORY: &str = "/storage/resources/tmp";
 
-pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) {
     let mut args = args.iter().skip(1);
     let mut flags = 0;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Er
             Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Debug);
         } else if arg == "--choose-rootfs" {
             let _ = choose_install_partition(true);
-            return Ok(())
+            return;
         } else {
             let path = Path::new(arg);
             if let Err(e) = install_image(path, flags) {
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ pub fn main(args: Vec<String>) -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Er
             }
         }
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 // Search directory containing installed image files for an
 // image file that has an identical shasum and abort the installation
 // if a duplicate is found.
-fn detect_duplicates(header: &ImageHeader) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn detect_duplicates(header: &ImageHeader) -> Result<()> {
     let metainfo = header.metainfo();
     let channel = metainfo.channel();
     let shasum = metainfo.shasum();
@@ -62,20 +61,17 @@ fn detect_duplicates(header: &ImageHeader) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
         return Ok(())
     }
 
-    Ok(util::read_directory(&resource_dir, |dent| {
+    util::read_directory(&resource_dir, |dent| {
         if let Ok(hdr) = ImageHeader::from_file(dent.path()) {
             if hdr.metainfo().shasum() == shasum {
-                panic!(
-                    "A duplicate image file with the same shasum already exists at {}",
-                    dent.path().display()
-                );
+                bail!("A duplicate image file with the same shasum already exists at {}", dent.path().display());
             }
         }
         Ok(())
-    })?)
+    })
 }
 
-fn create_tmp_copy(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn create_tmp_copy(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
     if !Path::new(TEMP_DIRECTORY).exists() {
         util::create_dir(TEMP_DIRECTORY)?;
     }
@@ -97,12 +93,12 @@ fn create_tmp_copy(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(path)
 }
 
-fn install_image(path: &Path, flags: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_image(path: &Path, flags: u32) -> Result<()> {
     if !path.exists() || path.file_name().is_none() {
-        panic!("file path {} does not exist", path.display());
+        bail!("file path {} does not exist", path.display());
     }
     if !util::is_euid_root() {
-        panic!("Image updates must be installed by root user");
+        bail!("Image updates must be installed by root user");
     }
 
     let header = ImageHeader::from_file(path)?;
@@ -117,14 +113,14 @@ fn install_image(path: &Path, flags: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Erro
     match image.metainfo().image_type() {
         "kernel" => install_kernel_image(&mut image),
         "extra" => install_extra_image(&image),
-        "rootfs" => install_rootfs_image(&image, flags),
-        image_type => panic!("Unknown image type: {}", image_type),
+        "rootfs" =>  install_rootfs_image(&image, flags),
+        image_type => bail!("Unknown image type: {}", image_type),
     }
 }
 
 // Prepare the image file for installation by decompressing and generating
 // dmverity hash tree.
-fn prepare_image(image: &ResourceImage, flags: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn prepare_image(image: &ResourceImage, flags: u32) -> Result<()> {
     if image.is_compressed() {
         image.decompress(false)?;
     }
@@ -133,7 +129,7 @@ fn prepare_image(image: &ResourceImage, flags: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::e
         info!("Verifying sha256 hash of image");
         let shasum = image.generate_shasum()?;
         if shasum != image.metainfo().shasum() {
-            panic!("image file does not have expected sha256 value");
+            bail!("image file does not have expected sha256 value");
         }
     }
 
@@ -143,28 +139,24 @@ fn prepare_image(image: &ResourceImage, flags: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::e
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_extra_image(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_extra_image(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     let filename = format!("citadel-extra-{:03}.img", image.header().metainfo().version());
     install_image_file(image, filename.as_str())?;
     remove_old_extra_images(image)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn remove_old_extra_images(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn remove_old_extra_images(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     let new_meta = image.header().metainfo();
     let shasum = new_meta.shasum();
     let target_dir = target_directory(image)?;
-    Ok(util::read_directory(&target_dir, |dent| {
+    util::read_directory(&target_dir, |dent| {
         let path = dent.path();
-        maybe_remove_old_extra_image(&path, shasum).unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    })?)
+        maybe_remove_old_extra_image(&path, shasum)
+    })
 }
 
-fn maybe_remove_old_extra_image(
-    path: &Path,
-    shasum: &str,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn maybe_remove_old_extra_image(path: &Path, shasum: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let header = ImageHeader::from_file(&path)?;
     if !header.is_magic_valid() {
         return Ok(());
@@ -180,16 +172,16 @@ fn maybe_remove_old_extra_image(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_kernel_image(image: &mut ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_kernel_image(image: &mut ResourceImage) -> Result<()> {
     if !Path::new("/boot/loader/loader.conf").exists() {
-        panic!("failed to automount /boot partition. Please manually mount correct partition.");
+        bail!("failed to automount /boot partition. Please manually mount correct partition.");
     }
 
     let metainfo = image.header().metainfo();
     let version = metainfo.version();
     let kernel_version = match metainfo.kernel_version() {
         Some(kv) => kv,
-        None => panic!("kernel image does not have kernel version field"),
+        None => bail!("kernel image does not have kernel version field"),
     };
     info!("kernel version is {}", kernel_version);
     install_kernel_file(image, &kernel_version)?;
@@ -202,7 +194,7 @@ fn install_kernel_image(image: &mut ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::er
     let mut remove_paths = Vec::new();
     util::read_directory(&image_dir, |dent| {
         let path = dent.path();
-        if is_unused_kernel_image(&path, &all_versions).unwrap() {
+        if is_unused_kernel_image(&path, &all_versions)? {
             remove_paths.push(path);
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -214,7 +206,7 @@ fn install_kernel_image(image: &mut ResourceImage) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::er
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn is_unused_kernel_image(path: &Path, versions: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn is_unused_kernel_image(path: &Path, versions: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<bool> {
     let header = ImageHeader::from_file(path)?;
     if !header.is_magic_valid() {
         return Ok(false);
@@ -234,25 +226,23 @@ fn is_unused_kernel_image(path: &Path, versions: &HashSet<String>) -> Result<boo
     Ok(false)
 }
 
-fn install_kernel_file(
-    image: &mut ResourceImage,
-    kernel_version: &str,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_kernel_file(image: &mut ResourceImage, kernel_version: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let mountpoint = Path::new("/run/citadel/images/kernel-install.mountpoint");
     info!("Temporarily mounting kernel resource image");
     let mut handle = image.mount_at(mountpoint)?;
     let kernel_path = mountpoint.join("kernel/bzImage");
     if !kernel_path.exists() {
         handle.unmount()?;
-        panic!("kernel not found in kernel resource image at /kernel/bzImage")
+        bail!("kernel not found in kernel resource image at /kernel/bzImage")
     }
 
-    KernelInstaller::install_kernel(&kernel_path, kernel_version)?;
+    let result = KernelInstaller::install_kernel(&kernel_path, kernel_version);
     info!("Unmounting kernel resource image");
-    Ok(handle.unmount()?)
+    handle.unmount()?;
+    result
 }
 
-fn all_boot_kernel_versions() -> Result<HashSet<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn all_boot_kernel_versions() -> Result<HashSet<String>> {
     let mut result = HashSet::new();
     util::read_directory("/boot", |dent| {
         if is_kernel_dirent(&dent) {
@@ -274,10 +264,7 @@ fn is_kernel_dirent(dirent: &DirEntry) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn install_image_file(
-    image: &ResourceImage,
-    filename: &str,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_image_file(image: &ResourceImage, filename: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let image_dir = target_directory(image)?;
     let image_dest = image_dir.join(filename);
     if image_dest.exists() {
@@ -288,14 +275,14 @@ fn install_image_file(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn target_directory(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<PathBuf, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn target_directory(image: &ResourceImage) -> Result<PathBuf> {
     let metainfo = image.header().metainfo();
     let channel = metainfo.channel();
     validate_channel_name(channel)?;
     Ok(Path::new("/storage/resources").join(channel))
 }
 
-fn rotate(path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn rotate(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
     if !path.exists() || path.file_name().is_none() {
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -306,17 +293,14 @@ fn rotate(path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn validate_channel_name(channel: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn validate_channel_name(channel: &str) -> Result<()> {
     if !channel.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase()) {
-        panic!("image has invalid channel name '{}'", channel);
+        bail!("image has invalid channel name '{}'", channel);
     }
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_rootfs_image(
-    image: &ResourceImage,
-    flags: u32,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn install_rootfs_image(image: &ResourceImage, flags: u32) -> Result<()> {
     let quiet = flags & FLAG_QUIET != 0;
     let partition = choose_install_partition(!quiet)?;
 
@@ -331,7 +315,7 @@ fn install_rootfs_image(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn clear_prefer_boot() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn clear_prefer_boot() -> Result<()> {
     for mut p in Partition::rootfs_partitions()? {
         if p.is_initialized() && p.header().has_flag(ImageHeader::FLAG_PREFER_BOOT) {
             p.clear_flag_and_write(ImageHeader::FLAG_PREFER_BOOT)?;
@@ -348,7 +332,7 @@ fn bool_to_yesno(val: bool) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
-fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition> {
     let partitions = Partition::rootfs_partitions()?;
 
     if verbose {
@@ -378,5 +362,5 @@ fn choose_install_partition(verbose: bool) -> Result<Partition, Box<dyn std::err
             return Ok(p.clone())
         }
     }
-    panic!("no suitable install partition found")
+    bail!("no suitable install partition found")
 }

data/com.subgraph.realms.Manager.conf

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 <busconfig>
   <policy user="root">
     <allow own="com.subgraph.realms"/>
+    <allow own="com.subgraph.Realms2"/>
   </policy>
 
   <policy context="default">
     <allow send_destination="com.subgraph.realms"/>
+    <allow send_destination="com.subgraph.Realms2"/>
     <allow send_destination="com.subgraph.realms"
            send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"/>
     <allow send_destination="com.subgraph.realms"

launch-gnome-software/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "launch-gnome-software"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+libcitadel = { path = "../libcitadel" }
+anyhow = "1.0"

launch-gnome-software/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use std::env;
+
+use libcitadel::{Logger, LogLevel, Realm, Realms, util};
+use libcitadel::flatpak::GnomeSoftwareLauncher;
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+
+
+fn realm_arg() -> Option<String> {
+    let mut args = env::args();
+    while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+        if arg == "--realm" {
+            return args.next();
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn choose_realm() -> Result<Realm> {
+    let mut realms = Realms::load()?;
+    if let Some(realm_name) = realm_arg() {
+        match realms.by_name(&realm_name) {
+            None => bail!("realm '{}' not found", realm_name),
+            Some(realm) => return Ok(realm),
+        }
+    }
+    let realm = match realms.current() {
+        Some(realm) => realm,
+        None => bail!("no current realm"),
+    };
+
+    Ok(realm)
+}
+
+fn has_arg(arg: &str) -> bool {
+    env::args()
+        .skip(1)
+        .any(|s| s == arg)
+}
+
+fn launch() -> Result<()> {
+    let realm = choose_realm()?;
+    if !util::is_euid_root() {
+        bail!("Must be run with root euid");
+    }
+    let mut launcher = GnomeSoftwareLauncher::new(realm)?;
+
+    if has_arg("--quit") {
+        launcher.quit()?;
+    } else {
+        if has_arg("--shell") {
+            launcher.set_run_shell();
+        }
+        launcher.launch()?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    if has_arg("--verbose") {
+        Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Verbose);
+    }
+
+    if let Err(err) = launch() {
+        eprintln!("Error: {}", err);
+    }
+}

libcitadel/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ nix = "0.17.0"
 toml = "0.5"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
+serde_json = "=1.0.1"
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 sodiumoxide = "0.2"
 hex = "0.4"

libcitadel/src/flatpak/bubblewrap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::{fs, io};
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+use crate::{Logger, LogLevel, Result, verbose};
+
+const BWRAP_PATH: &str = "/usr/libexec/flatpak-bwrap";
+
+pub struct BubbleWrap {
+    command: Command,
+}
+
+impl BubbleWrap {
+
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        BubbleWrap {
+            command: Command::new(BWRAP_PATH),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_arg<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, arg: S) -> &mut Self {
+        self.command.arg(arg);
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn add_args<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, args: &[S]) -> &mut Self {
+        for arg in args {
+            self.add_arg(arg.as_ref());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn ro_bind(&mut self, path_list: &[&str]) -> &mut Self {
+        for &path in path_list {
+            self.add_args(&["--ro-bind", path, path]);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn ro_bind_to(&mut self, src: &str, dest: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["--ro-bind", src, dest])
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind_to(&mut self, src: &str, dest: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["--bind", src, dest])
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_dirs(&mut self, dir_list: &[&str]) -> &mut Self {
+        for &dir in dir_list {
+            self.add_args(&["--dir", dir]);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_symlinks(&mut self, links: &[(&str, &str)]) -> &mut Self {
+        for (src,dest) in links {
+            self.add_args(&["--symlink", src, dest]);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn mount_dev(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["--dev", "/dev"])
+    }
+
+    pub fn mount_proc(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["--proc", "/proc"])
+    }
+
+    pub fn dev_bind(&mut self, path: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["--dev-bind", path, path])
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear_env(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_arg("--clearenv")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_env_list(&mut self, env_list: &[&str]) -> &mut Self {
+        for line in env_list {
+            if let Some((k,v)) = line.split_once("=") {
+                self.add_args(&["--setenv", k, v]);
+            } else {
+                eprintln!("Warning: environment variable '{}' does not have = delimiter. Ignoring", line);
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn unshare_all(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_arg("--unshare-all")
+    }
+
+    pub fn share_net(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_arg("--share-net")
+    }
+
+    pub fn log_command(&self) {
+        let mut buffer = String::new();
+        verbose!("{}", BWRAP_PATH);
+        for arg in self.command.get_args() {
+            if let Some(s) = arg.to_str() {
+                if s.starts_with("-") {
+                    if !buffer.is_empty() {
+                        verbose!("    {}", buffer);
+                        buffer.clear();
+                    }
+                }
+                if !buffer.is_empty() {
+                    buffer.push(' ');
+                }
+                buffer.push_str(s);
+            }
+        }
+        if !buffer.is_empty() {
+            verbose!("    {}", buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn status_file(&mut self, status_file: &File) -> &mut Self {
+        // Rust sets O_CLOEXEC when opening files so we create
+        // a new descriptor that will remain open across exec()
+        let dup_fd = unsafe {
+            libc::dup(status_file.as_raw_fd())
+        };
+        if dup_fd == -1 {
+            warn!("Failed to dup() status file descriptor: {}", io::Error::last_os_error());
+            warn!("Skipping --json-status-fd argument");
+            self
+        } else {
+            self.add_arg("--json-status-fd")
+                .add_arg(dup_fd.to_string())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn launch<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, cmd: &[S]) -> Result<()> {
+        if Logger::is_log_level(LogLevel::Verbose) {
+            self.log_command();
+            let s = cmd.iter().map(|s| format!("{} ", s.as_ref().to_str().unwrap())).collect::<String>();
+            verbose!("    {}", s)
+        }
+        self.add_args(cmd);
+        let err = self.command.exec();
+        bail!("failed to exec bubblewrap: {}", err);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize,Clone)]
+#[serde(rename_all="kebab-case")]
+pub struct BubbleWrapRunningStatus {
+    pub child_pid: u64,
+    pub cgroup_namespace: u64,
+    pub ipc_namespace: u64,
+    pub mnt_namespace: u64,
+    pub pid_namespace: u64,
+    pub uts_namespace: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize,Clone)]
+#[serde(rename_all="kebab-case")]
+pub struct BubbleWrapExitStatus {
+    pub exit_code: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BubbleWrapStatus {
+    running: BubbleWrapRunningStatus,
+    exit: Option<BubbleWrapExitStatus>,
+}
+
+impl BubbleWrapStatus {
+    pub fn parse_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
+        if !path.as_ref().exists() {
+            return Ok(None)
+        }
+
+        let s = fs::read_to_string(path)
+            .map_err(context!("error reading status file"))?;
+
+        let mut lines = s.lines();
+        let running = match lines.next() {
+            None => return Ok(None),
+            Some(s) => serde_json::from_str::<BubbleWrapRunningStatus>(s)
+                .map_err(context!("failed to parse status line ({})", s))?
+        };
+
+        let exit = match lines.next() {
+            None => None,
+            Some(s) => Some(serde_json::from_str::<BubbleWrapExitStatus>(s)
+                .map_err(context!("failed to parse exit line ({})", s))?)
+        };
+
+        Ok(Some(BubbleWrapStatus {
+            running,
+            exit
+        }))
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.exit.is_none()
+    }
+
+    pub fn running_status(&self) -> &BubbleWrapRunningStatus {
+        &self.running
+    }
+
+    pub fn child_pid(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.running.child_pid
+    }
+
+    pub fn pid_namespace(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.running.pid_namespace
+    }
+
+    pub fn exit_status(&self) -> Option<&BubbleWrapExitStatus> {
+        self.exit.as_ref()
+    }
+}

libcitadel/src/flatpak/launcher.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+use std::{fs, io};
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
+use std::os::unix::prelude::CommandExt;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::Command;
+
+use crate::{Realm, Result, util};
+use crate::flatpak::{BubbleWrap, BubbleWrapStatus, SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY, SandboxStatus};
+use crate::flatpak::netns::NetNS;
+
+
+const FLATPAK_PATH: &str = "/usr/bin/flatpak";
+
+const ENVIRONMENT: &[&str; 7] = &[
+    "HOME=/home/citadel",
+    "USER=citadel",
+    "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000",
+    "XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/citadel/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/share",
+    "TERM=xterm-256color",
+    "GTK_A11Y=none",
+    "FLATPAK_USER_DIR=/home/citadel/realm-flatpak",
+];
+
+const FLATHUB_URL: &str = "https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo";
+
+pub struct GnomeSoftwareLauncher {
+    realm: Realm,
+    status: Option<BubbleWrapStatus>,
+    netns: NetNS,
+    run_shell: bool,
+}
+impl GnomeSoftwareLauncher {
+
+    pub fn new(realm: Realm) -> Result<Self> {
+        let sandbox_status = SandboxStatus::load(SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY)?;
+        let status = sandbox_status.realm_status(&realm);
+        let netns = NetNS::new(NetNS::GS_NETNS_NAME);
+        Ok(GnomeSoftwareLauncher {
+            realm,
+            status,
+            netns,
+            run_shell: false,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_run_shell(&mut self) {
+        self.run_shell = true;
+    }
+
+    fn ensure_flatpak_dir(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let flatpak_user_dir = self.realm.base_path_file("flatpak");
+        if !flatpak_user_dir.exists() {
+            if let Err(err) = fs::create_dir(&flatpak_user_dir) {
+                bail!("failed to create realm flatpak directory ({}): {}", flatpak_user_dir.display(), err);
+            }
+            util::chown_user(&flatpak_user_dir)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn add_flathub(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let flatpak_user_dir = self.realm.base_path_file("flatpak");
+
+        match Command::new(FLATPAK_PATH)
+            .env("FLATPAK_USER_DIR", flatpak_user_dir)
+            .arg("remote-add")
+            .arg("--user")
+            .arg("--if-not-exists")
+            .arg("flathub")
+            .arg(FLATHUB_URL)
+            .status() {
+            Ok(status) => {
+                if status.success() {
+                    Ok(())
+
+                } else {
+                    bail!("failed to add flathub repo")
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) =>  bail!("error running flatpak command: {}", err),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn scan_tmp_directory(path: &Path) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {
+        for entry in fs::read_dir(&path)? {
+            let entry = entry?;
+            if entry.file_type()?.is_socket() {
+                if let Some(filename) = entry.path().file_name() {
+                    if let Some(filename) = filename.to_str() {
+                        if filename.starts_with("dbus-") {
+                            return Ok(Some(format!("/tmp/{}", filename)));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    fn find_dbus_socket(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let pid = self.running_pid()?;
+        let tmp_dir = PathBuf::from(format!("/proc/{}/root/tmp", pid));
+        if !tmp_dir.is_dir() {
+            bail!("no /tmp directory found for process pid={}", pid);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(s) = Self::scan_tmp_directory(&tmp_dir)
+            .map_err(context!("error reading directory {}", tmp_dir.display()))? {
+            Ok(s)
+
+        } else {
+            bail!("no dbus socket found in /tmp directory for process pid={}", pid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn launch_sandbox(&self, status_file: &File) -> Result<()> {
+        self.ensure_flatpak_dir()?;
+        if let Err(err) = self.netns.nsenter() {
+            bail!("Failed to enter 'gnome-software' network namespace: {}", err);
+        }
+        verbose!("Entered network namespace ({})", NetNS::GS_NETNS_NAME);
+
+        if let Err(err) = util::drop_privileges(1000, 1000) {
+            bail!("Failed to drop privileges to uid = gid = 1000: {}", err);
+        }
+        verbose!("Dropped privileges (uid=1000, gid=1000)");
+
+        self.add_flathub()?;
+        let flatpak_user_dir = self.realm.base_path_file("flatpak");
+        let flatpak_user_dir = flatpak_user_dir.to_str().unwrap();
+
+        let cmd = if self.run_shell { "/usr/bin/bash" } else { "/usr/bin/gnome-software"};
+        verbose!("Running command in sandbox: {}", cmd);
+
+        BubbleWrap::new()
+            .ro_bind(&[
+                "/usr/bin",
+                "/usr/lib",
+                "/usr/libexec",
+                "/usr/share/dbus-1",
+                "/usr/share/icons",
+                "/usr/share/mime",
+                "/usr/share/X11",
+                "/usr/share/glib-2.0",
+                "/usr/share/xml",
+                "/usr/share/drirc.d",
+                "/usr/share/fontconfig",
+                "/usr/share/fonts",
+                "/usr/share/zoneinfo",
+                "/usr/share/swcatalog",
+
+                "/etc/passwd",
+                "/etc/machine-id",
+                "/etc/nsswitch.conf",
+                "/etc/fonts",
+                "/etc/ssl",
+                "/sys/dev/char", "/sys/devices",
+                "/run/user/1000/wayland-0",
+            ])
+            .ro_bind_to("/run/NetworkManager/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf")
+            .bind_to(flatpak_user_dir, "/home/citadel/realm-flatpak")
+            .create_symlinks(&[
+                ("usr/lib", "/lib64"),
+                ("usr/bin", "/bin"),
+                ("/tmp", "/var/tmp"),
+            ])
+            .create_dirs(&[
+                "/var/lib/flatpak",
+                "/home/citadel",
+                "/tmp",
+                "/sys/block", "/sys/bus", "/sys/class",
+            ])
+
+
+            .mount_dev()
+            .dev_bind("/dev/dri")
+            .mount_proc()
+            .unshare_all()
+            .share_net()
+
+            .clear_env()
+            .set_env_list(ENVIRONMENT)
+
+            .status_file(status_file)
+
+            .launch(&["dbus-run-session", "--", cmd])?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_realm_status_file(&self) -> Result<File> {
+        let path = Path::new(SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY).join(self.realm.name());
+        File::create(&path)
+            .map_err(context!("failed to open sandbox status file {}", path.display()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn launch(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.netns.ensure_exists()?;
+        if self.is_running() {
+            let cmd = if self.run_shell { "/usr/bin/bash" } else { "/usr/bin/gnome-software"};
+            self.launch_in_running_sandbox(&[cmd])?;
+        } else {
+            let status_file = self.new_realm_status_file()?;
+            self.ensure_flatpak_dir()?;
+            self.launch_sandbox(&status_file)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn quit(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_running() {
+            self.launch_in_running_sandbox(&["/usr/bin/gnome-software", "--quit"])?;
+        } else {
+            warn!("No running sandbox found for realm {}", self.realm.name());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.status.as_ref()
+            .map(|s| s.is_running())
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    fn running_pid(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+        self.status.as_ref()
+            .map(|s| s.child_pid())
+            .ok_or(format_err!("no sandbox status available for realm '{}',", self.realm.name()))
+    }
+
+    fn dbus_session_address(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let dbus_socket = Self::find_dbus_socket(&self)?;
+        Ok(format!("unix:path={}", dbus_socket))
+    }
+
+    fn launch_in_running_sandbox(&self, command: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
+        let dbus_address = self.dbus_session_address()?;
+
+        let pid = self.running_pid()?.to_string();
+        let mut env = ENVIRONMENT.iter()
+            .map(|s| s.split_once('=').unwrap())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        env.push(("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", dbus_address.as_str()));
+
+        let err = Command::new("/usr/bin/nsenter")
+            .env_clear()
+            .envs( env )
+            .args(&[
+                "--all",
+                "--target", pid.as_str(),
+                "--setuid", "1000",
+                "--setgid", "1000",
+            ])
+            .args(command)
+            .exec();
+
+        Err(format_err!("failed to execute nsenter: {}", err))
+    }
+}

libcitadel/src/flatpak/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+pub(crate) mod setup;
+pub(crate) mod status;
+
+pub(crate) mod bubblewrap;
+
+pub(crate) mod launcher;
+
+pub(crate) mod netns;
+
+pub use status::SandboxStatus;
+
+pub use bubblewrap::{BubbleWrap,BubbleWrapStatus,BubbleWrapRunningStatus,BubbleWrapExitStatus};
+pub use launcher::GnomeSoftwareLauncher;
+
+pub const SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY: &str = "/run/citadel/realms/gs-sandbox-status";

libcitadel/src/flatpak/netns.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+use crate::{util,Result};
+
+
+const BRIDGE_NAME: &str = "vz-clear";
+const VETH0: &str = "gs-veth0";
+const VETH1: &str = "gs-veth1";
+const IP_ADDRESS: &str = "172.17.0.222/24";
+const GW_ADDRESS: &str = "172.17.0.1";
+
+
+pub struct NetNS {
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl NetNS {
+    pub const GS_NETNS_NAME: &'static str = "gnome-software";
+    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
+        NetNS {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create(&self) -> crate::Result<()> {
+        Ip::new().link_add_veth(VETH0, VETH1).run()?;
+        Ip::new().link_set_netns(VETH0, &self.name).run()?;
+        Ip::new().link_set_master(VETH1, BRIDGE_NAME).run()?;
+        Ip::new().link_set_dev_up(VETH1).run()?;
+
+        Ip::new().ip_netns_exec_ip(&self.name).addr_add(IP_ADDRESS, VETH0).run()?;
+        Ip::new().ip_netns_exec_ip(&self.name).link_set_dev_up(VETH0).run()?;
+        Ip::new().ip_netns_exec_ip(&self.name).route_add_default(GW_ADDRESS).run()?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub fn ensure_exists(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if Path::new(&format!("/run/netns/{}", self.name)).exists() {
+            verbose!("Network namespace ({}) exists", self.name);
+            return Ok(())
+        }
+        verbose!("Setting up network namespace ({})", self.name);
+
+        Ip::new().netns_add(&self.name).run()
+            .map_err(context!("Failed to add network namespace '{}'", self.name))?;
+
+        if let Err(err) = self.create() {
+            Ip::new().netns_delete(&self.name).run()?;
+            Err(err)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn nsenter(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        util::nsenter_netns(&self.name)
+    }
+}
+const IP_PATH: &str = "/usr/sbin/ip";
+struct Ip {
+    command: Command,
+}
+
+impl Ip {
+
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut command = Command::new(IP_PATH);
+        command.env_clear();
+        Ip { command }
+    }
+
+    fn add_args<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, args: &[S]) -> &mut Self {
+        for arg in args {
+            self.command.arg(arg);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn netns_add(&mut self, name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["netns", "add", name])
+    }
+
+    pub fn netns_delete(&mut self, name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["netns", "delete", name])
+    }
+
+    pub fn link_add_veth(&mut self, name: &str, peer_name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["link", "add", name, "type", "veth", "peer", "name", peer_name])
+    }
+
+    pub fn link_set_netns(&mut self, iface: &str, netns_name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["link", "set", iface, "netns", netns_name])
+    }
+
+    pub fn link_set_master(&mut self, iface: &str, bridge_name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["link", "set", iface, "master", bridge_name])
+    }
+
+    pub fn link_set_dev_up(&mut self, iface: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["link", "set", "dev", iface, "up"])
+    }
+
+    pub fn ip_netns_exec_ip(&mut self, netns_name: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["netns", "exec", netns_name, IP_PATH])
+    }
+
+    pub fn addr_add(&mut self, ip_address: &str, dev: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["addr", "add", ip_address, "dev", dev])
+    }
+
+    pub fn route_add_default(&mut self, gateway: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.add_args(&["route", "add", "default", "via", gateway])
+    }
+
+    fn run(&mut self) -> crate::Result<()> {
+        verbose!("{:?}", self.command);
+        match self.command.status() {
+            Ok(status) => {
+                if status.success() {
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    bail!("IP command ({:?}) did not succeeed.", self.command);
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                bail!("error running ip command ({:?}): {}", self.command, err);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

libcitadel/src/flatpak/setup.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+use crate::{Realm, Result, util};
+
+const GNOME_SOFTWARE_DESKTOP_TEMPLATE: &str = "\
+[Desktop Entry]
+Name=Software
+Comment=Add, remove or update software on this computer
+Icon=org.gnome.Software
+Exec=/usr/libexec/launch-gnome-software --realm $REALM_NAME
+Terminal=false
+Type=Application
+Categories=GNOME;GTK;System;PackageManager;
+Keywords=Updates;Upgrade;Sources;Repositories;Preferences;Install;Uninstall;Program;Software;App;Store;
+StartupNotify=true
+";
+
+const APPLICATION_DIRECTORY: &str = "/home/citadel/.local/share/applications";
+
+pub struct FlatpakSetup<'a> {
+    realm: &'a Realm,
+}
+
+impl <'a> FlatpakSetup<'a> {
+
+    pub fn new(realm: &'a Realm) -> Self {
+        Self { realm }
+    }
+
+    pub fn setup(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_desktop_file()?;
+        self.ensure_flatpak_directory()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+
+    fn write_desktop_file(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let appdir = Path::new(APPLICATION_DIRECTORY);
+        if !appdir.exists() {
+            util::create_dir(appdir)?;
+            if let Some(parent) = appdir.parent().and_then(|p| p.parent()) {
+                util::chown_tree(parent, (1000,1000), true)?;
+            }
+        }
+        let path = appdir.join(format!("realm-{}.org.gnome.Software.desktop", self.realm.name()));
+        util::write_file(path, GNOME_SOFTWARE_DESKTOP_TEMPLATE.replace("$REALM_NAME", self.realm.name()))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn ensure_flatpak_directory(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let path = self.realm.base_path_file("flatpak");
+        if !path.exists() {
+            util::create_dir(&path)?;
+            util::chown_user(&path)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+}

libcitadel/src/flatpak/status.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+use crate::flatpak::bubblewrap::BubbleWrapStatus;
+use crate::{Realm, Result, util};
+
+
+/// Utility function to read modified time from a path.
+fn modified_time(path: &Path) -> Result<SystemTime> {
+    path.metadata().and_then(|meta| meta.modified())
+        .map_err(context!("failed to read modified time from '{}'", path.display()))
+}
+
+/// Utility function to detect if current modified time of a path
+/// matches an earlier recorded modified time.
+fn modified_changed(path: &Path, old_modified: SystemTime) -> bool {
+    if !path.exists() {
+        // Path existed at some earlier point, so something changed
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    match modified_time(path) {
+        Ok(modified) => old_modified != modified,
+        Err(err) => {
+            // Print a warning but assume change
+            warn!("{}", err);
+            true
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// Records the content of single entry in a sandbox status directory.
+///
+/// The path to the status file as well as the last modified time are
+/// recorded so that changes in status of a sandbox can be detected.
+struct StatusEntry {
+    status: BubbleWrapStatus,
+    path: PathBuf,
+    modified: SystemTime,
+}
+
+
+impl StatusEntry {
+
+    fn load_timestamp_and_status(path: &Path) -> Result<Option<(SystemTime, BubbleWrapStatus)>> {
+        if path.exists() {
+            let modified = modified_time(path)?;
+            if let Some(status) = BubbleWrapStatus::parse_file(path)? {
+                return Ok(Some((modified, status)));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    fn load(base_dir: &Path, name: &str) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
+        let path = base_dir.join(name);
+        let result = StatusEntry::load_timestamp_and_status(&path)?
+            .map(|(modified, status)| StatusEntry { status, path, modified });
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    fn is_modified(&self) -> bool {
+        modified_changed(&self.path, self.modified)
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Holds information about entries in a sandbox status directory.
+///
+/// Bubblewrap accepts a command line argument that asks for status
+/// information to be written as a json structure to a file descriptor.
+///
+pub struct SandboxStatus {
+    base_dir: PathBuf,
+    base_modified: SystemTime,
+    entries: HashMap<String, StatusEntry>,
+}
+
+impl SandboxStatus {
+
+    pub fn need_reload(&self) -> bool {
+        if modified_changed(&self.base_dir, self.base_modified) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        self.entries.values().any(|entry| entry.is_modified())
+    }
+
+    fn process_dir_entry(&mut self, dir_entry: PathBuf) -> Result<()> {
+        fn realm_name_for_path(path: &Path) -> Option<&str> {
+            path.file_name()
+                .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+                .filter(|name| Realm::is_valid_name(name))
+
+        }
+        if dir_entry.is_file() {
+            if let Some(name) = realm_name_for_path(&dir_entry) {
+                if let Some(entry) = StatusEntry::load(&self.base_dir, name)? {
+                    self.entries.insert(name.to_string(), entry);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reload(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.entries.clear();
+        self.base_modified = modified_time(&self.base_dir)?;
+        let base_dir = self.base_dir.clone();
+        util::read_directory(&base_dir, |entry| {
+            self.process_dir_entry(entry.path())
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn new(base_dir: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
+        let base_dir = base_dir.to_owned();
+        let base_modified = modified_time(&base_dir)?;
+        Ok(SandboxStatus {
+            base_dir,
+            base_modified,
+            entries: HashMap::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(directory: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<SandboxStatus> {
+        let base_dir = directory.as_ref();
+        if !base_dir.exists() {
+            util::create_dir(base_dir)?;
+        }
+        let mut status = SandboxStatus::new(base_dir)?;
+        status.reload()?;
+        Ok(status)
+    }
+
+    pub fn realm_status(&self, realm: &Realm) -> Option<BubbleWrapStatus> {
+        self.entries.get(realm.name()).map(|entry| entry.status.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_realm_status_file(&self, realm: &Realm) -> Result<File> {
+        let path = self.base_dir.join(realm.name());
+        File::create(&path)
+            .map_err(context!("failed to open sandbox status file {}", path.display()))
+    }
+}

libcitadel/src/lib.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ mod realm;
 pub mod terminal;
 mod system;
 
+pub mod flatpak;
+
 pub use crate::config::OsRelease;
 pub use crate::blockdev::BlockDev;
 pub use crate::cmdline::CommandLine;

libcitadel/src/log.rs

@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ impl Logger {
         logger.level = level;
     }
 
+    pub fn is_log_level(level: LogLevel) -> bool {
+        let logger = LOGGER.lock().unwrap();
+        logger.level >= level
+    }
+
     pub fn set_log_output(output: Box<dyn LogOutput>) {
         let mut logger = LOGGER.lock().unwrap();
         logger.output = output;

libcitadel/src/realm/config.rs

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ pub struct RealmConfig {
     #[serde(rename="use-fuse")]
     pub use_fuse: Option<bool>,
 
+    #[serde(rename="use-flatpak")]
+    pub use_flatpak: Option<bool>,
+
     #[serde(rename="use-gpu")]
     pub use_gpu: Option<bool>,
 
@@ -201,6 +204,7 @@ impl RealmConfig {
             wayland_socket: Some("wayland-0".to_string()),
             use_kvm: Some(false),
             use_fuse: Some(false),
+            use_flatpak: Some(false),
             use_gpu: Some(false),
             use_gpu_card0: Some(false),
             use_network: Some(true),
@@ -233,6 +237,7 @@ impl RealmConfig {
             wayland_socket: None,
             use_kvm: None,
             use_fuse: None,
+            use_flatpak: None,
             use_gpu: None,
             use_gpu_card0: None,
             use_network: None,
@@ -267,6 +272,14 @@ impl RealmConfig {
         self.bool_value(|c| c.use_fuse)
     }
 
+    /// If `true` flatpak directory will be mounted into realm
+    /// and a desktop file will be created to launch gnome-software
+    ///
+    pub fn flatpak(&self) -> bool {
+        self.bool_value(|c| c.use_flatpak)
+    }
+
+
     /// If `true` render node device /dev/dri/renderD128 will be added to realm.
     ///
     /// This enables hardware graphics acceleration in realm.

libcitadel/src/realm/events.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ use dbus::{Connection, BusType, ConnectionItem, Message, Path};
 use inotify::{Inotify, WatchMask, WatchDescriptor, Event};
 
 pub enum RealmEvent {
+    Starting(Realm),
     Started(Realm),
+    Stopping(Realm),
     Stopped(Realm),
     New(Realm),
     Removed(Realm),
@@ -22,7 +24,9 @@ pub enum RealmEvent {
 impl Display for RealmEvent {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
+            RealmEvent::Starting(ref realm)   => write!(f, "RealmStarting({})", realm.name()),
             RealmEvent::Started(ref realm)   => write!(f, "RealmStarted({})", realm.name()),
+            RealmEvent::Stopping(ref realm)   => write!(f, "RealmStopping({})", realm.name()),
             RealmEvent::Stopped(ref realm)   => write!(f, "RealmStopped({})", realm.name()),
             RealmEvent::New(ref realm)       => write!(f, "RealmNew({})", realm.name()),
             RealmEvent::Removed(ref realm)   => write!(f, "RealmRemoved({})", realm.name()),

libcitadel/src/realm/launcher.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl <'a> RealmLauncher <'a> {
         if config.kvm() {
             self.add_device("/dev/kvm");
         }
-        if config.fuse() {
+        if config.fuse() || config.flatpak() {
             self.add_device("/dev/fuse");
         }
 
@@ -153,6 +153,10 @@ impl <'a> RealmLauncher <'a> {
             writeln!(s, "BindReadOnly=/run/user/1000/{}:/run/user/host/wayland-0", config.wayland_socket())?;
         }
 
+        if config.flatpak() {
+            writeln!(s, "BindReadOnly={}:/var/lib/flatpak", self.realm.base_path_file("flatpak").display())?;
+        }
+
         for bind in config.extra_bindmounts() {
             if Self::is_valid_bind_item(bind) {
                 writeln!(s, "Bind={}", bind)?;

libcitadel/src/realm/manager.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
 use posix_acl::{ACL_EXECUTE, ACL_READ, PosixACL, Qualifier};
 
 use crate::{Mountpoint, Result, Realms, RealmFS, Realm, util};
+use crate::flatpak::GnomeSoftwareLauncher;
+use crate::flatpak::setup::FlatpakSetup;
 use crate::realm::pidmapper::{PidLookupResult, PidMapper};
 use crate::realmfs::realmfs_set::RealmFSSet;
 
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ struct Inner {
     events: RealmEventListener,
     realms: Realms,
     realmfs_set: RealmFSSet,
+    pid_mapper: PidMapper,
 }
 
 impl Inner {
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ impl Inner {
         let events = RealmEventListener::new();
         let realms = Realms::load()?;
         let realmfs_set = RealmFSSet::load()?;
-        Ok(Inner { events, realms, realmfs_set })
+        let pid_mapper = PidMapper::new()?;
+        Ok(Inner { events, realms, realmfs_set, pid_mapper })
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,7 +194,13 @@ impl RealmManager {
             return Ok(());
         }
         info!("Starting realm {}", realm.name());
-        self._start_realm(realm, &mut HashSet::new())?;
+        self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Starting(realm.clone()));
+        if let Err(err) = self._start_realm(realm, &mut HashSet::new()) {
+            self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Stopped(realm.clone()));
+            return Err(err);
+        }
+
+        self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Started(realm.clone()));
 
         if !Realms::is_some_realm_current() {
             self.inner_mut().realms.set_realm_current(realm)
@@ -230,6 +240,10 @@ impl RealmManager {
             self.ensure_run_media_directory()?;
         }
 
+        if realm.config().flatpak() {
+            FlatpakSetup::new(realm).setup()?;
+        }
+
         self.systemd.start_realm(realm, &rootfs)?;
 
         self.create_realm_namefile(realm)?;
@@ -268,6 +282,15 @@ impl RealmManager {
         self.run_in_realm(realm, &["/usr/bin/ln", "-s", "/run/user/host/wayland-0", "/run/user/1000/wayland-0"], false)
     }
 
+    fn stop_gnome_software_sandbox(&self, realm: &Realm) -> Result<()> {
+        let launcher = GnomeSoftwareLauncher::new(realm.clone())?;
+        if launcher.is_running() {
+            info!("Stopping GNOME Software sandbox for {}", realm.name());
+            launcher.quit()?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn stop_realm(&self, realm: &Realm) -> Result<()> {
         if !realm.is_active() {
             info!("ignoring stop request on realm '{}' which is not running", realm.name());
@@ -275,10 +298,21 @@ impl RealmManager {
         }
 
         info!("Stopping realm {}", realm.name());
+        self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Stopping(realm.clone()));
+
+        if realm.config().flatpak() {
+            if let Err(err) = self.stop_gnome_software_sandbox(realm) {
+                warn!("Error stopping GNOME Software sandbox: {}", err);
+            }
+        }
 
         realm.set_active(false);
-        self.systemd.stop_realm(realm)?;
+        if let Err(err) = self.systemd.stop_realm(realm) {
+            self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Stopped(realm.clone()));
+            return Err(err);
+        }
         realm.cleanup_rootfs();
+        self.inner().events.send_event(RealmEvent::Stopped(realm.clone()));
 
         if realm.is_current() {
             self.choose_some_current_realm();
@@ -335,8 +369,8 @@ impl RealmManager {
     }
 
     pub fn realm_by_pid(&self, pid: u32) -> PidLookupResult {
-        let mapper = PidMapper::new(self.active_realms(false));
-        mapper.lookup_pid(pid as libc::pid_t)
+        let realms = self.realm_list();
+        self.inner_mut().pid_mapper.lookup_pid(pid as libc::pid_t, realms)
     }
 
     pub fn rescan_realms(&self) -> Result<(Vec<Realm>,Vec<Realm>)> {

libcitadel/src/realm/pidmapper.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use procfs::process::Process;
-use crate::Realm;
+use crate::{Result, Realm};
+use crate::flatpak::{SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY, SandboxStatus};
 
 pub enum PidLookupResult {
     Unknown,
@@ -9,14 +10,15 @@ pub enum PidLookupResult {
 }
 
 pub struct PidMapper {
-    active_realms: Vec<Realm>,
+    sandbox_status: SandboxStatus,
     my_pid_ns_id: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 impl PidMapper {
-    pub fn new(active_realms: Vec<Realm>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let sandbox_status = SandboxStatus::load(SANDBOX_STATUS_FILE_DIRECTORY)?;
         let my_pid_ns_id = Self::self_pid_namespace_id();
-        PidMapper { active_realms, my_pid_ns_id }
+        Ok(PidMapper { sandbox_status, my_pid_ns_id })
     }
 
     fn read_process(pid: libc::pid_t) -> Option<Process> {
@@ -72,7 +74,30 @@ impl PidMapper {
         Self::read_process(ppid)
     }
 
-    pub fn lookup_pid(&self, pid: libc::pid_t) -> PidLookupResult {
+    fn refresh_sandbox_status(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.sandbox_status.need_reload() {
+            self.sandbox_status.reload()?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn search_sandbox_realms(&mut self, pid_ns: u64, realms: &[Realm]) -> Option<Realm> {
+        if let Err(err) = self.refresh_sandbox_status() {
+            warn!("error reloading sandbox status directory: {}", err);
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        for r in realms {
+            if let Some(status) = self.sandbox_status.realm_status(r) {
+                if status.pid_namespace() == pid_ns {
+                    return Some(r.clone())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn lookup_pid(&mut self, pid: libc::pid_t, realms: Vec<Realm>) -> PidLookupResult {
         const MAX_PARENT_SEARCH: i32 = 8;
         let mut n = 0;
 
@@ -92,13 +117,17 @@ impl PidMapper {
                 return PidLookupResult::Citadel;
             }
 
-            if let Some(realm) = self.active_realms.iter()
-                .find(|r| r.has_pid_ns(pid_ns_id))
+            if let Some(realm) = realms.iter()
+                .find(|r| r.is_active() && r.has_pid_ns(pid_ns_id))
                 .cloned()
             {
                 return PidLookupResult::Realm(realm)
             }
 
+            if let Some(r) = self.search_sandbox_realms(pid_ns_id, &realms) {
+                return PidLookupResult::Realm(r)
+            }
+
             proc = match Self::parent_process(proc) {
                 Some(proc) => proc,
                 None => return PidLookupResult::Unknown,
@@ -108,5 +137,4 @@ impl PidMapper {
         }
         PidLookupResult::Unknown
     }
-
 }

libcitadel/src/realm/realm.rs

@@ -169,6 +169,20 @@ impl Realm {
         self.inner.write().unwrap()
     }
 
+
+    pub fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        warn!("Realm({})::start()", self.name());
+        self.manager().start_realm(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.manager().stop_realm(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_current(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.manager().set_current_realm(self)
+    }
+
     pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
         self.inner_mut().is_active()
     }
@@ -279,6 +293,9 @@ impl Realm {
         symlink::write(&rootfs, self.rootfs_symlink(), false)?;
         symlink::write(mountpoint.path(), self.realmfs_mountpoint_symlink(), false)?;
         symlink::write(self.base_path().join("home"), self.run_path().join("home"), false)?;
+        if self.config().flatpak() {
+            symlink::write(self.base_path().join("flatpak"), self.run_path().join("flatpak"), false)?;
+        }
 
         Ok(rootfs)
     }
@@ -300,6 +317,9 @@ impl Realm {
         Self::remove_symlink(self.realmfs_mountpoint_symlink());
         Self::remove_symlink(self.rootfs_symlink());
         Self::remove_symlink(self.run_path().join("home"));
+        if self.config().flatpak() {
+            Self::remove_symlink(self.run_path().join("flatpak"));
+        }
 
         if let Err(e) = fs::remove_dir(self.run_path()) {
             warn!("failed to remove run directory {}: {}", self.run_path().display(), e);

libcitadel/src/realm/systemd.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,28 @@ impl Systemd {
         if realm.config().ephemeral_home() {
             self.setup_ephemeral_home(realm)?;
         }
+        if realm.config().flatpak() {
+            self.setup_flatpak_workaround(realm)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // What even is this??
+    //
+    // Good question.
+    //
+    // https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2210335#c10
+    //
+    fn setup_flatpak_workaround(&self, realm: &Realm) -> Result<()> {
+        let commands = &[
+            vec!["/usr/bin/mount", "-m", "-t","proc", "proc", "/run/flatpak-workaround/proc"],
+            vec!["/usr/bin/chmod", "700", "/run/flatpak-workaround"],
+        ];
+
+        for cmd in commands {
+            Self::machinectl_shell(realm, cmd, "root", false, true)?;
+        }
+
         Ok(())
     }
 

libcitadel/src/realmfs/resizer.rs

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ impl ResizeSize {
 
     pub fn gigs(n: usize) -> Self {
         ResizeSize(BLOCKS_PER_GIG * n)
-
     }
+
     pub fn megs(n: usize) -> Self {
         ResizeSize(BLOCKS_PER_MEG * n)
     }
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ impl ResizeSize {
         self.0 / BLOCKS_PER_MEG
     }
 
-    /// If the RealmFS needs to be resized to a larger size, returns the
-    /// recommended size.
+    /// If the RealmFS has less than `AUTO_RESIZE_MINIMUM_FREE` blocks free then choose a new
+    /// size to resize the filesystem to and return it. Otherwise, return `None`
     pub fn auto_resize_size(realmfs: &RealmFS) -> Option<ResizeSize> {
         let sb = match Superblock::load(realmfs.path(), 4096) {
             Ok(sb) => sb,
@@ -56,22 +56,37 @@ impl ResizeSize {
             },
         };
 
-        sb.free_block_count();
         let free_blocks = sb.free_block_count() as usize;
-        if free_blocks < AUTO_RESIZE_MINIMUM_FREE.nblocks() {
-            let metainfo_nblocks = realmfs.metainfo().nblocks() + 1;
-            let increase_multiple = metainfo_nblocks / AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks();
-            let grow_size = (increase_multiple + 1) * AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks();
-            let mask = grow_size - 1;
-            let grow_blocks = (free_blocks + mask) & !mask;
-            Some(ResizeSize::blocks(grow_blocks))
+        if free_blocks >= AUTO_RESIZE_MINIMUM_FREE.nblocks() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let metainfo_nblocks = realmfs.metainfo().nblocks();
+
+        if metainfo_nblocks >= AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks() {
+            return Some(ResizeSize::blocks(metainfo_nblocks + AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks()))
+        }
+
+        // If current size is under 4GB (AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE) and raising size to 4GB will create more than the
+        // minimum free space (1GB) then just do that.
+        if free_blocks + (AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks() - metainfo_nblocks) >= AUTO_RESIZE_MINIMUM_FREE.nblocks() {
+            Some(AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE)
         } else {
-            None
+            // Otherwise for original size under 4GB, since raising to 4GB is not enough,
+            // raise size to 8GB
+            Some(ResizeSize::blocks(AUTO_RESIZE_INCREASE_SIZE.nblocks() * 2))
         }
     }
 }
 
 const SUPERBLOCK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
+
+/// An EXT4 superblock structure.
+///
+/// A class for reading the first superblock from an EXT4 filesystem
+/// and parsing the Free Block Count field. No other fields are parsed
+/// since this is the only information needed for the resize operation.
+///
 pub struct Superblock([u8; SUPERBLOCK_SIZE]);
 
 impl Superblock {

libcitadel/src/realmfs/update.rs

@@ -76,8 +76,6 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
         }
         self.realmfs.copy_image_file(self.target())?;
 
-        self.truncate_verity()?;
-        self.resize_image_file()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -115,9 +113,8 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
     }
 
     // Return size of image file in blocks based on metainfo `nblocks` field.
-    // Include header block in count so add one block
     fn metainfo_nblock_size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.realmfs.metainfo().nblocks() + 1
+        self.realmfs.metainfo().nblocks()
     }
 
     fn unmount_update_image(&mut self) {
@@ -159,7 +156,8 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
     }
 
     fn set_target_len(&self, nblocks: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        let len = (nblocks * BLOCK_SIZE) as u64;
+        // add one block for header block
+        let len = ((nblocks + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE) as u64;
         let f = fs::OpenOptions::new()
             .write(true)
             .open(&self.target)
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
 
         if self.realmfs.header().has_flag(ImageHeader::FLAG_HASH_TREE) {
             self.set_target_len(metainfo_nblocks)?;
-        } else if file_nblocks > metainfo_nblocks {
+        } else if file_nblocks > (metainfo_nblocks + 1) {
             warn!("RealmFS image size was greater than length indicated by metainfo.nblocks but FLAG_HASH_TREE not set");
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
     // If resize was requested, adjust size of update copy of image file.
     fn resize_image_file(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let nblocks = match self.resize {
-            Some(rs) => rs.nblocks() + 1,
+            Some(rs) => rs.nblocks(),
             None => return Ok(()),
         };
 
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
     fn seal(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         let nblocks = match self.resize {
             Some(rs) => rs.nblocks(),
-            None => self.metainfo_nblock_size() - 1,
+            None => self.metainfo_nblock_size(),
         };
 
         let salt = hex::encode(randombytes(32));
@@ -232,20 +230,11 @@ impl <'a> Update<'a> {
             .map_err(context!("failed to create verity context for realmfs update image {:?}", self.target()))?;
         let output = verity.generate_image_hashtree_with_salt(&salt, nblocks)
             .map_err(context!("failed to generate dm-verity hashtree for realmfs update image {:?}", self.target()))?;
-        // XXX passes metainfo for nblocks
-        //let output = Verity::new(&self.target).generate_image_hashtree_with_salt(&self.realmfs.metainfo(), &salt)?;
+
         let root_hash = output.root_hash()
             .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no root hash returned from verity format operation"))?;
         info!("root hash is {}", output.root_hash().unwrap());
 
-        /*
-        let nblocks = match self.resize {
-            Some(rs) => rs.nblocks(),
-            None => self.metainfo_nblock_size() - 1,
-        };
-
-         */
-
         info!("Signing new image with user realmfs keys");
         let metainfo_bytes = RealmFS::generate_metainfo(self.realmfs.name(), nblocks, salt.as_str(), root_hash);
         let keys = self.realmfs.sealing_keys().expect("No sealing keys");

libcitadel/src/util.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::env;
 use std::fs::{self, File, DirEntry};
 use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::io::{self, Seek, Read, BufReader, SeekFrom};
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
 use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use walkdir::WalkDir;
@@ -217,7 +218,8 @@ where
 ///
 pub fn remove_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
     let path = path.as_ref();
-    if path.exists() {
+    let is_symlink = fs::symlink_metadata(path).is_ok();
+    if is_symlink || path.exists() {
         fs::remove_file(path)
             .map_err(context!("failed to remove file {:?}", path))?;
     }
@@ -368,9 +370,38 @@ pub fn touch_mtime(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
 
     utimes(path, meta.atime(),mtime)?;
     Ok(())
-
-
-
-
-
 }
+
+pub fn nsenter_netns(netns: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut path = PathBuf::from("/run/netns");
+    path.push(netns);
+    if !path.exists() {
+        bail!("Network namespace '{}' does not exist", netns);
+    }
+    let f = File::open(&path)
+        .map_err(context!("error opening netns file {}", path.display()))?;
+
+    let fd = f.as_raw_fd();
+
+    unsafe {
+        if libc::setns(fd, libc::CLONE_NEWNET) == -1 {
+            let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+            bail!("failed to setns() into network namespace '{}': {}", netns, err);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn drop_privileges(uid: u32, gid: u32) -> Result<()> {
+    unsafe {
+        if libc::setgid(gid) == -1 {
+            let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+            bail!("failed to call setgid({}): {}", gid, err);
+
+        } else if libc::setuid(uid) == -1 {
+            let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+            bail!("failed to call setuid({}): {}", uid, err);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

realm-config-ui/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ homepage = "https://subgraph.com"
 [dependencies]
 libcitadel = { path = "../libcitadel" }
 rand = "0.8"
-zvariant = "2.7.0"
+zvariant = "4.2.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-zbus = "=2.0.0-beta.5"
+zbus = "4.4.0"
 gtk = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["v3_24"] }

realm-config-ui/src/realmsd.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use zbus::dbus_proxy;
-use zvariant::derive::Type;
+use zvariant::Type;
 use serde::{Serialize,Deserialize};
-
+use zbus::proxy;
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 
 #[derive(Deserialize,Serialize,Type)]
@@ -85,10 +85,12 @@ impl RealmConfig {
     }
 }
 
-#[dbus_proxy(
+#[proxy(
 default_service = "com.subgraph.realms",
 interface = "com.subgraph.realms.Manager",
-default_path = "/com/subgraph/realms"
+default_path = "/com/subgraph/realms",
+gen_blocking = true,
+gen_async = false,
 )]
 pub trait RealmsManager {
     fn get_current(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>;
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ pub trait RealmsManager {
 
 impl RealmsManagerProxy<'_> {
     pub fn connect() -> Result<Self> {
-        let connection = zbus::Connection::new_system()?;
+        let connection = Connection::system()?;
 
         let proxy = RealmsManagerProxy::new(&connection)
             .map_err(|_| Error::ManagerConnect)?;

realmsd/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
 libcitadel = { path = "../libcitadel" }
-zbus = "=2.0.0-beta.5"
-zvariant = "2.7.0"
+async-io = "2.3.2"
+blocking = "1.6.1"
+event-listener = "5.3.1"
+zbus = "4.4.0"
+zvariant = "4.2.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_repr = "0.1.8"
 

realmsd/src/events.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-use zbus::{Connection, ObjectServer};
+use async_io::block_on;
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zbus::SignalContext;
 use crate::realms_manager::{RealmsManagerServer, REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, realm_status};
 use libcitadel::{RealmEvent, Realm};
 
 pub struct EventHandler {
     connection: Connection,
-    realms_server: RealmsManagerServer,
 }
 
 impl EventHandler {
-    pub fn new(connection: Connection, realms_server: RealmsManagerServer) -> Self {
-        EventHandler { connection, realms_server }
+    pub fn new(connection: Connection) -> Self {
+        EventHandler { connection }
     }
 
     pub fn handle_event(&self, ev: &RealmEvent)  {
@@ -25,44 +26,49 @@ impl EventHandler {
             RealmEvent::New(realm) => self.on_new(realm),
             RealmEvent::Removed(realm) => self.on_removed(realm),
             RealmEvent::Current(realm) => self.on_current(realm.as_ref()),
+            RealmEvent::Starting(_) => Ok(()),
+            RealmEvent::Stopping(_) => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
-    fn with_server<F>(&self, func: F) -> zbus::Result<()>
+    fn with_signal_context<F>(&self, func: F) -> zbus::Result<()>
         where
-            F: Fn(&RealmsManagerServer) -> zbus::Result<()>,
+            F: Fn(&SignalContext) -> zbus::Result<()>,
     {
-        let mut object_server = ObjectServer::new(&self.connection);
-        object_server.at(REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, self.realms_server.clone())?;
-        object_server.with(REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, |iface: &RealmsManagerServer| func(iface))
+        let object_server = self.connection.object_server();
+        let iface = object_server.interface::<_, RealmsManagerServer>(REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH)?;
+
+        let ctx = iface.signal_context();
+        func(ctx)
     }
 
     fn on_started(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
         let pid_ns = realm.pid_ns().unwrap_or(0);
         let status = realm_status(realm);
-        self.with_server(|server| server.realm_started(realm.name(), pid_ns, status))
+        self.with_signal_context(|ctx| block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_started(ctx, realm.name(), pid_ns, status)))
     }
 
     fn on_stopped(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
         let status = realm_status(realm);
-        self.with_server(|server| server.realm_stopped(realm.name(), status))
+        self.with_signal_context(|ctx| block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_stopped(ctx, realm.name(), status)))
     }
 
     fn on_new(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
         let status = realm_status(realm);
         let description = realm.notes().unwrap_or(String::new());
-        self.with_server(|server| server.realm_new(realm.name(), &description, status))
+        self.with_signal_context(|ctx| block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_new(ctx, realm.name(), &description, status)))
     }
 
     fn on_removed(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
-        self.with_server(|server| server.realm_removed(realm.name()))
+        self.with_signal_context(|ctx| block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_removed(ctx, realm.name())))
     }
 
     fn on_current(&self, realm: Option<&Realm>) -> zbus::Result<()> {
-        self.with_server(|server| {
+        self.with_signal_context(|ctx| {
             match realm {
-                Some(realm) => server.realm_current(realm.name(), realm_status(realm)),
-                None => server.realm_current("", 0),
+                Some(realm) => block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_current(ctx, realm.name(), realm_status(realm))),
+                None => block_on(RealmsManagerServer::realm_current(ctx, "", 0)),
+
             }
         })
     }

realmsd/src/main.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 #[macro_use] extern crate libcitadel;
 
-use zbus::{Connection, fdo};
-
-use libcitadel::{Logger, LogLevel, Result};
-
-use crate::realms_manager::RealmsManagerServer;
+use std::env;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use event_listener::{Event, Listener};
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zbus::fdo::ObjectManager;
+use libcitadel::{Logger, LogLevel, Result, RealmManager};
+use crate::next::{RealmsManagerServer2, REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH};
+use crate::realms_manager::{RealmsManagerServer, REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH};
 
 mod realms_manager;
 mod events;
 
+mod next;
 
 fn main() {
     if let Err(e) = run_realm_manager() {
@@ -16,24 +20,43 @@ fn main() {
     }
 }
 
-fn create_system_connection() -> zbus::Result<Connection> {
-    let connection = zbus::Connection::new_system()?;
-    fdo::DBusProxy::new(&connection)?.request_name("com.subgraph.realms", fdo::RequestNameFlags::AllowReplacement.into())?;
-    Ok(connection)
+fn register_realms_manager_server(connection: &Connection, realm_manager: &Arc<RealmManager>, quit_event: &Arc<Event>) -> Result<()> {
+    let server = RealmsManagerServer::load(&connection, realm_manager.clone(), quit_event.clone())
+        .map_err(context!("Loading realms server"))?;
+    connection.object_server().at(REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, server).map_err(context!("registering realms manager object"))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn register_realms2_manager_server(connection: &Connection, realm_manager: &Arc<RealmManager>, quit_event: &Arc<Event>) -> Result<()> {
+    let server2 = RealmsManagerServer2::load(&connection, realm_manager.clone(), quit_event.clone())
+        .map_err(context!("Loading realms2 server"))?;
+    connection.object_server().at(REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, server2).map_err(context!("registering realms manager object"))?;
+    connection.object_server().at(REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, ObjectManager).map_err(context!("registering ObjectManager"))?;
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn run_realm_manager() -> Result<()> {
     Logger::set_log_level(LogLevel::Verbose);
 
-    let connection = create_system_connection()
-        .map_err(context!("ZBus Connection error"))?;
+    let testing = env::args().skip(1).any(|s| s == "--testing");
 
-    let mut object_server = RealmsManagerServer::register(&connection)?;
+    let connection = Connection::system()
+           .map_err(context!("ZBus Connection error"))?;
 
-    loop {
-        if let Err(err) = object_server.try_handle_next() {
-            warn!("Error handling DBus message: {}", err);
-        }
-    }
 
+    let realm_manager = RealmManager::load()?;
+    let quit_event = Arc::new(Event::new());
+
+    if testing {
+        register_realms2_manager_server(&connection, &realm_manager, &quit_event)?;
+        connection.request_name("com.subgraph.Realms2")
+            .map_err(context!("acquiring realms manager name"))?;
+    } else {
+        register_realms_manager_server(&connection, &realm_manager, &quit_event)?;
+        register_realms2_manager_server(&connection, &realm_manager, &quit_event)?;
+        connection.request_name("com.subgraph.realms")
+            .map_err(context!("acquiring realms manager name"))?;
+    };
+    quit_event.listen().wait();
+    Ok(())
 }

realmsd/src/next/config.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use zbus::fdo;
+use zvariant::Type;
+use libcitadel::{OverlayType, Realm, GLOBAL_CONFIG};
+use libcitadel::terminal::Base16Scheme;
+use crate::next::manager::failed;
+
+const BOOL_CONFIG_VARS: &[&str] = &[
+    "use-gpu", "use-wayland", "use-x11", "use-sound",
+    "use-shared-dir", "use-network", "use-kvm", "use-ephemeral-home",
+    "use-media-dir", "use-fuse", "use-flatpak", "use-gpu-card0"
+];
+
+fn is_bool_config_variable(variable: &str) -> bool {
+    BOOL_CONFIG_VARS.iter().any(|&s| s == variable)
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize,Serialize,Type)]
+pub struct RealmConfigVars {
+    items: HashMap<String,String>,
+}
+
+impl RealmConfigVars {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        RealmConfigVars { items: HashMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_global() -> Self {
+        Self::new_from_config(&GLOBAL_CONFIG)
+    }
+
+    fn new_from_realm(realm: &Realm) -> Self {
+        let config = realm.config();
+        Self::new_from_config(&config)
+    }
+
+    fn new_from_config(config: &libcitadel::RealmConfig) -> Self {
+        let mut vars = RealmConfigVars::new();
+        vars.add_bool("use-gpu", config.gpu());
+        vars.add_bool("use-gpu-card0", config.gpu_card0());
+        vars.add_bool("use-wayland", config.wayland());
+        vars.add_bool("use-x11", config.x11());
+        vars.add_bool("use-sound", config.sound());
+        vars.add_bool("use-shared-dir", config.shared_dir());
+        vars.add_bool("use-network", config.network());
+        vars.add_bool("use-kvm", config.kvm());
+        vars.add_bool("use-ephemeral-home", config.ephemeral_home());
+        vars.add_bool("use-media-dir", config.media_dir());
+        vars.add_bool("use-fuse", config.fuse());
+        vars.add_bool("use-flatpak", config.flatpak());
+
+        let overlay = match config.overlay() {
+            OverlayType::None => "none",
+            OverlayType::TmpFS => "tmpfs",
+            OverlayType::Storage => "storage",
+        };
+        vars.add("overlay", overlay);
+
+        let scheme = match config.terminal_scheme() {
+            Some(name) => name.to_string(),
+            None => String::new(),
+        };
+        vars.add("terminal-scheme", scheme);
+        vars.add("realmfs", config.realmfs());
+        vars
+    }
+
+    fn add_bool(&mut self, name: &str, val: bool) {
+        let valstr = if val { "true".to_string() } else { "false".to_string() };
+        self.add(name, valstr);
+    }
+
+    fn add<S,T>(&mut self, k: S, v: T) where S: Into<String>, T: Into<String> {
+        self.items.insert(k.into(), v.into());
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RealmConfig {
+    realm: Realm,
+    changed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+}
+
+impl RealmConfig {
+    pub fn new(realm: Realm) -> Self {
+        let changed = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        RealmConfig { realm, changed }
+    }
+
+    fn mark_changed(&self) {
+        self.changed.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn is_changed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.changed.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn config_vars(&self) -> RealmConfigVars {
+        RealmConfigVars::new_from_realm(&self.realm)
+    }
+
+    fn set_bool_var(&mut self, var: &str, value: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        let v = match value {
+            "true" => true,
+            "false" => false,
+            _ => return failed(format!("Invalid boolean value '{}' for realm config variable '{}'", value, var)),
+        };
+
+        let mut has_changed = true;
+        self.realm.with_mut_config(|c| {
+            match var {
+                "use-gpu" if c.gpu() != v => c.use_gpu = Some(v),
+                _ => has_changed = false,
+            }
+        });
+        if has_changed {
+            self.mark_changed();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn set_overlay(&mut self, value: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        let val = match value {
+            "tmpfs" => Some("tmpfs".to_string()),
+            "storage" => Some("storage".to_string()),
+            "none" => None,
+            _ => return failed(format!("Invalid value '{}' for overlay config", value)),
+        };
+        if self.realm.config().overlay != val {
+            self.realm.with_mut_config(|c| {
+                c.overlay = Some(value.to_string());
+            });
+            self.mark_changed();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn set_terminal_scheme(&mut self, value: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        if Some(value) == self.realm.config().terminal_scheme() {
+            return Ok(())
+        }
+
+        let scheme = match Base16Scheme::by_name(value) {
+            Some(scheme) => scheme,
+            None => return failed(format!("Invalid terminal color scheme '{}'", value)),
+        };
+
+        let manager = self.realm.manager();
+        if let Err(err) = scheme.apply_to_realm(&manager, &self.realm) {
+            return failed(format!("Error applying terminal color scheme: {}", err));
+        }
+
+        self.realm.with_mut_config(|c| {
+            c.terminal_scheme = Some(value.to_string());
+        });
+        self.mark_changed();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn set_realmfs(&mut self, value: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        let manager = self.realm.manager();
+        if manager.realmfs_by_name(value).is_none() {
+            return failed(format!("Failed to set 'realmfs' config for realm-{}: RealmFS named '{}' does not exist", self.realm.name(), value));
+        }
+        if self.realm.config().realmfs() != value {
+            self.realm.with_mut_config(|c| {
+                c.realmfs = Some(value.to_string())
+            });
+            self.mark_changed();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn save_config(&self) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        if self.is_changed() {
+            self.realm.config()
+                .write()
+                .map_err(|err| fdo::Error::Failed(format!("Error writing config file for realm-{}: {}", self.realm.name(), err)))?;
+
+            self.changed.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_var(&mut self, var: &str, value: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        if is_bool_config_variable(var) {
+            self.set_bool_var(var, value)
+        } else if var == "overlay" {
+            self.set_overlay(value)
+        } else if var == "terminal-scheme" {
+            self.set_terminal_scheme(value)
+        } else if var == "realmfs" {
+            self.set_realmfs(value)
+        } else {
+            failed(format!("Unknown realm configuration variable '{}'", var))
+        }
+    }
+}

realmsd/src/next/manager.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use blocking::unblock;
+use event_listener::{Event, EventListener};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use serde_repr::Serialize_repr;
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zbus::{fdo, interface};
+use zvariant::Type;
+use libcitadel::{PidLookupResult, RealmManager};
+use crate::next::config::RealmConfigVars;
+use crate::next::realm::RealmItemState;
+use crate::next::realmfs::RealmFSState;
+
+pub fn failed<T>(message: String) -> fdo::Result<T> {
+    Err(fdo::Error::Failed(message))
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize_repr, Type, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum PidLookupResultCode {
+    Unknown = 1,
+    Realm   = 2,
+    Citadel = 3,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Type, Serialize)]
+pub struct RealmFromCitadelPid {
+    code: PidLookupResultCode,
+    realm: String,
+}
+
+impl From<PidLookupResult> for RealmFromCitadelPid {
+    fn from(result: PidLookupResult) -> Self {
+        match result {
+            PidLookupResult::Unknown => RealmFromCitadelPid { code: PidLookupResultCode::Unknown, realm: String::new() },
+            PidLookupResult::Realm(realm) => RealmFromCitadelPid { code: PidLookupResultCode::Realm, realm: realm.name().to_string() },
+            PidLookupResult::Citadel => RealmFromCitadelPid { code: PidLookupResultCode::Citadel, realm: String::new() },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct RealmsManagerServer2 {
+    realms: RealmItemState,
+    realmfs_state: RealmFSState,
+    manager: Arc<RealmManager>,
+    quit_event: Arc<Event>,
+}
+
+
+impl RealmsManagerServer2 {
+
+    fn new(connection: Connection, manager: Arc<RealmManager>, quit_event: Arc<Event>) -> Self {
+        let realms = RealmItemState::new(connection.clone());
+        let realmfs_state = RealmFSState::new(connection.clone());
+        RealmsManagerServer2 {
+            realms,
+            realmfs_state,
+            manager,
+            quit_event,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(connection: &Connection, manager: Arc<RealmManager>, quit_event: Arc<Event>) -> zbus::Result<Self> {
+        let mut server = Self::new(connection.clone(), manager.clone(), quit_event);
+        server.realms.load_realms(&manager)?;
+        server.realmfs_state.load(&manager)?;
+        server.realms.populate_realmfs(&server.realmfs_state)?;
+        Ok(server)
+    }
+
+}
+
+#[interface(name = "com.subgraph.realms.Manager2")]
+impl RealmsManagerServer2 {
+
+    async fn get_current(&self) -> u32 {
+
+        self.realms.get_current()
+            .map(|r| r.index())
+            .unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    async fn realm_from_citadel_pid(&self, pid: u32) -> RealmFromCitadelPid {
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        unblock(move || {
+            manager.realm_by_pid(pid).into()
+        }).await
+    }
+
+    async fn create_realm(&self, name: &str) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        unblock(move || {
+            let _ = manager.new_realm(&name).map_err(|err| fdo::Error::Failed(err.to_string()))?;
+            Ok(())
+        }).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_global_config(&self) -> RealmConfigVars {
+        RealmConfigVars::new_global()
+    }
+
+}

realmsd/src/next/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+mod manager;
+mod config;
+mod realm;
+mod realmfs;
+
+pub use manager::RealmsManagerServer2;
+pub const REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH: &str = "/com/subgraph/Realms2";

realmsd/src/next/realm.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicI64, AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use blocking::unblock;
+use zbus::{interface, fdo};
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zbus::names::{BusName, InterfaceName};
+use zvariant::{OwnedObjectPath, Value};
+use libcitadel::{Realm, RealmEvent, RealmManager, Result};
+use crate::next::config::{RealmConfig, RealmConfigVars};
+use crate::next::realmfs::RealmFSState;
+use crate::next::REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RealmItem {
+    path: String,
+    index: u32,
+    realm: Realm,
+    config: RealmConfig,
+    in_run_transition: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    realmfs_index: Arc<AtomicU32>,
+    last_timestamp: Arc<AtomicI64>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy,Clone)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+enum RealmRunStatus {
+    Stopped = 0,
+    Starting,
+    Running,
+    Current,
+    Stopping,
+}
+
+impl RealmRunStatus {
+    fn for_realm(realm: &Realm, in_transition: bool) -> Self {
+        if in_transition {
+            if realm.is_active() { Self::Stopping } else { Self::Starting }
+        } else if realm.is_active() {
+            if realm.is_current() { Self::Current } else {Self::Running }
+        } else {
+            Self::Stopped
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RealmItem {
+    pub(crate) fn new_from_realm(index: u32, realm: Realm) -> RealmItem {
+        let path = format!("{}/Realm{}", REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, index);
+        let in_run_transition = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let config = RealmConfig::new(realm.clone());
+        let realmfs_index = Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0));
+        let last_timestamp = Arc::new(AtomicI64::new(realm.timestamp()));
+        RealmItem { path, index, realm, config, in_run_transition, realmfs_index, last_timestamp }
+    }
+
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.path
+    }
+
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.index
+    }
+
+    fn in_run_transition(&self) -> bool {
+        self.in_run_transition.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    fn get_run_status(&self) -> RealmRunStatus {
+        RealmRunStatus::for_realm(&self.realm, self.in_run_transition())
+    }
+
+    async fn do_start(&mut self) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        if !self.realm.is_active() {
+            let realm = self.realm.clone();
+
+            let res = unblock(move || realm.start()).await;
+
+            if let Err(err) = res {
+                return Err(fdo::Error::Failed(format!("Failed to start realm: {}", err)));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn do_stop(&mut self) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        if self.realm.is_active() {
+            let realm = self.realm.clone();
+
+            let res = unblock(move || realm.stop()).await;
+
+            if let Err(err) = res {
+                return Err(fdo::Error::Failed(format!("Failed to stop realm: {}", err)));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[interface(
+    name = "com.subgraph.realms.Realm"
+)]
+impl RealmItem {
+
+    async fn start(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+
+        self.do_start().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn stop(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        self.do_stop().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn restart(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        self.do_stop().await?;
+        self.do_start().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn set_current(&mut self) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        let realm = self.realm.clone();
+        let res = unblock(move || realm.set_current()).await;
+        if let Err(err) = res {
+            return Err(fdo::Error::Failed(format!("Failed to set realm {} as current: {}", self.realm.name(), err)));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_config(&self) -> RealmConfigVars {
+        self.config.config_vars()
+    }
+
+    async fn set_config(&mut self, vars: Vec<(String, String)>) -> fdo::Result<()> {
+        for (var, val) in &vars {
+            self.config.set_var(var, val)?;
+        }
+        let config = self.config.clone();
+        unblock(move || config.save_config()).await
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "RunStatus")]
+    fn run_status(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.get_run_status() as u32
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name="IsSystemRealm")]
+    fn is_system_realm(&self) -> bool {
+        self.realm.is_system()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Name")]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.realm.name()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Description")]
+    fn description(&self) -> String {
+        self.realm.notes()
+            .unwrap_or(String::new())
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "PidNS")]
+    fn pid_ns(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.realm.pid_ns().unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "RealmFS")]
+    fn realmfs(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.realmfs_index.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Timestamp")]
+    fn timestamp(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.realm.timestamp() as u64
+    }
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RealmItemState(Arc<Mutex<Inner>>);
+
+struct Inner {
+    connection: Connection,
+    next_index: u32,
+    realms: HashMap<String, RealmItem>,
+    current_realm: Option<RealmItem>,
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    fn new(connection: Connection) -> Self {
+        Inner {
+            connection,
+            next_index: 1,
+            realms:HashMap::new(),
+            current_realm: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn load_realms(&mut self, manager: &RealmManager) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        for realm in manager.realm_list() {
+            self.add_realm(realm)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub fn populate_realmfs(&mut self, realmfs_state: &RealmFSState) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        for item in self.realms.values_mut() {
+            if let Some(realmfs) = realmfs_state.realmfs_by_name(item.realm.config().realmfs()) {
+                item.realmfs_index.store(realmfs.index(), Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+   fn add_realm(&mut self, realm: Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        if self.realms.contains_key(realm.name()) {
+            warn!("Attempted to add duplicate realm '{}'", realm.name());
+            return Ok(())
+        }
+
+        let key = realm.name().to_string();
+        let item = RealmItem::new_from_realm(self.next_index, realm);
+        self.connection.object_server().at(item.path(), item.clone())?;
+        self.realms.insert(key, item);
+        self.next_index += 1;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn remove_realm(&mut self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        if let Some(item) = self.realms.remove(realm.name()) {
+            self.connection.object_server().remove::<RealmItem, &str>(item.path())?;
+        } else {
+            warn!("Failed to find realm to remove with name '{}'", realm.name());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn emit_property_changed(&self, object_path: OwnedObjectPath, propname: &str, value: Value<'_>) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        let iface_name = InterfaceName::from_str_unchecked("com.subgraph.realms.Realm");
+        let changed = HashMap::from([(propname.to_string(), value)]);
+        let inval: &[&str] = &[];
+        self.connection.emit_signal(
+            None::<BusName<'_>>,
+            &object_path,
+            "org.freedesktop.Dbus.Properties",
+            "PropertiesChanged",
+            &(iface_name, changed, inval))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    fn realm_status_changed(&self, realm: &Realm, transition: Option<bool>) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        if let Some(realm) = self.realm_by_name(realm.name()) {
+            if let Some(transition) = transition {
+                realm.in_run_transition.store(transition, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            let object_path = realm.path().try_into().unwrap();
+            self.emit_property_changed(object_path, "RunStatus", Value::U32(realm.get_run_status() as u32))?;
+            let timestamp = realm.realm.timestamp();
+            if realm.last_timestamp.load(Ordering::Relaxed) != realm.realm.timestamp() {
+                realm.last_timestamp.store(timestamp, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let object_path = realm.path().try_into().unwrap();
+                self.emit_property_changed(object_path, "Timestamp", Value::U64(timestamp as u64))?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn realm_by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&RealmItem> {
+        let res = self.realms.get(name);
+
+        if res.is_none() {
+            warn!("Failed to find realm with name '{}'", name);
+        }
+        res
+    }
+
+    fn on_starting(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()>{
+        self.realm_status_changed(realm, Some(true))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn on_started(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()>{
+        self.realm_status_changed(realm, Some(false))
+    }
+
+    fn on_stopping(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.realm_status_changed(realm, Some(true))
+    }
+
+    fn on_stopped(&self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.realm_status_changed(realm, Some(false))
+    }
+
+    fn on_new(&mut self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.add_realm(realm.clone())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn on_removed(&mut self, realm: &Realm) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.remove_realm(&realm)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn on_current(&mut self, realm: Option<&Realm>) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+
+        if let Some(r) = self.current_realm.take() {
+            self.realm_status_changed(&r.realm, None)?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(realm) = realm {
+            self.realm_status_changed(realm, None)?;
+            if let Some(item) = self.realm_by_name(realm.name()) {
+                self.current_realm = Some(item.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl RealmItemState {
+    pub fn new(connection: Connection) -> Self {
+        RealmItemState(Arc::new(Mutex::new(Inner::new(connection))))
+    }
+
+    pub fn load_realms(&self, manager: &RealmManager) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.inner().load_realms(manager)?;
+        self.add_event_handler(manager)
+            .map_err(|err| zbus::Error::Failure(err.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn populate_realmfs(&self, realmfs_state: &RealmFSState) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        self.inner().populate_realmfs(realmfs_state)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_current(&self) -> Option<RealmItem>  {
+        self.inner().current_realm.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn inner(&self) -> MutexGuard<Inner> {
+        self.0.lock().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn add_event_handler(&self, manager: &RealmManager) -> Result<()> {
+        let state = self.clone();
+        manager.add_event_handler(move |ev| {
+            if let Err(err) = state.handle_event(ev) {
+                warn!("Error handling {}: {}", ev, err);
+            }
+        });
+        manager.start_event_task()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn handle_event(&self, ev: &RealmEvent) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        match ev {
+            RealmEvent::Started(realm) => self.inner().on_started(realm)?,
+            RealmEvent::Stopped(realm) => self.inner().on_stopped(realm)?,
+            RealmEvent::New(realm) => self.inner().on_new(realm)?,
+            RealmEvent::Removed(realm) => self.inner().on_removed(realm)?,
+            RealmEvent::Current(realm) => self.inner().on_current(realm.as_ref())?,
+            RealmEvent::Starting(realm) => self.inner().on_starting(realm)?,
+            RealmEvent::Stopping(realm) => self.inner().on_stopping(realm)?,
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

realmsd/src/next/realmfs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zbus::{fdo, interface};
+use zvariant::{ObjectPath, OwnedObjectPath};
+use libcitadel::{RealmFS, RealmManager};
+use crate::next::REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH;
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE: u64 = 4096;
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RealmFSItem {
+    object_path: OwnedObjectPath,
+    index: u32,
+    realmfs: RealmFS,
+}
+impl RealmFSItem {
+    pub(crate) fn new_from_realmfs(index: u32, realmfs: RealmFS) -> RealmFSItem {
+        let object_path = format!("{}/RealmFS{}", REALMS2_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, index).try_into().unwrap();
+        RealmFSItem {
+            object_path,
+            index,
+            realmfs,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.index
+    }
+
+    pub fn object_path(&self) -> ObjectPath {
+        self.object_path.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+#[interface(
+    name = "com.subgraph.realms.RealmFS"
+)]
+impl RealmFSItem {
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Name")]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.realmfs.name()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Activated")]
+    fn activated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.realmfs.is_activated()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "InUse")]
+    fn in_use(&self) -> bool {
+        self.realmfs.is_activated()
+    }
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Mountpoint")]
+    fn mountpoint(&self) -> String {
+        self.realmfs.mountpoint().to_string()
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "Path")]
+    fn path(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{}", self.realmfs.path().display())
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "FreeSpace")]
+    fn free_space(&self) -> fdo::Result<u64> {
+        let blocks = self.realmfs.free_size_blocks()
+            .map_err(|err| fdo::Error::Failed(err.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(blocks as u64 * BLOCK_SIZE)
+    }
+
+    #[zbus(property, name = "AllocatedSpace")]
+    fn allocated_space(&self) -> fdo::Result<u64> {
+        let blocks = self.realmfs.allocated_size_blocks()
+            .map_err(|err| fdo::Error::Failed(err.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(blocks as u64 * BLOCK_SIZE)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct RealmFSState {
+    connection: Connection,
+    next_index: u32,
+    items: HashMap<String, RealmFSItem>,
+}
+
+impl RealmFSState {
+    pub fn new(connection: Connection) -> Self {
+        RealmFSState {
+            connection,
+            next_index: 1,
+            items: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(&mut self, manager: &RealmManager) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        for realmfs in manager.realmfs_list() {
+            self.add_realmfs(realmfs)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn add_realmfs(&mut self, realmfs: RealmFS) -> zbus::Result<()> {
+        if !self.items.contains_key(realmfs.name()) {
+            let name = realmfs.name().to_string();
+            let item = RealmFSItem::new_from_realmfs(self.next_index, realmfs);
+            self.connection.object_server().at(item.object_path(), item.clone())?;
+            self.items.insert(name, item);
+            self.next_index += 1;
+        } else {
+            warn!("Attempted to add duplicate realmfs '{}'", realmfs.name());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub fn realmfs_by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&RealmFSItem> {
+        let res = self.items.get(name);
+        if res.is_none() {
+            warn!("Failed to find RealmFS with name '{}'", name);
+        }
+        res
+    }
+}

realmsd/src/realms_manager.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 use libcitadel::{RealmManager, Realm, OverlayType, Result, PidLookupResult};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use zbus::{dbus_interface, ObjectServer,Connection};
-use zvariant::derive::Type;
+use zbus::blocking::Connection;
+use zvariant::Type;
 use std::thread;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use serde::{Serialize,Deserialize};
+use blocking::unblock;
+use event_listener::{Event, EventListener};
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
 use serde_repr::Serialize_repr;
+use zbus::{interface, SignalContext};
 use crate::events::EventHandler;
 use libcitadel::terminal::Base16Scheme;
 
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ impl From<PidLookupResult> for RealmFromCitadelPid {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RealmsManagerServer {
     manager: Arc<RealmManager>,
+    quit_event: Arc<Event>,
 }
 
 const BOOL_CONFIG_VARS: &[&str] = &[
@@ -121,40 +125,40 @@ fn configure_realm(manager: &RealmManager, realm: &Realm, variable: &str, value:
 
 impl RealmsManagerServer {
 
-    fn register_events(&self, connection: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
-        let events = EventHandler::new(connection.clone(), self.clone());
-        self.manager.add_event_handler(move |ev| events.handle_event(ev));
-        self.manager.start_event_task()
+    pub fn load(connection: &Connection, manager: Arc<RealmManager>, quit_event: Arc<Event>) -> Result<RealmsManagerServer> {
+        let server = RealmsManagerServer { manager, quit_event };
+        let events = EventHandler::new(connection.clone());
+        server.manager.add_event_handler(move |ev| events.handle_event(ev));
+        server.manager.start_event_task()?;
+        Ok(server)
     }
-
-    pub fn register(connection: &Connection) -> Result<ObjectServer> {
-        let manager = RealmManager::load()?;
-        let iface = RealmsManagerServer { manager };
-        iface.register_events(connection)?;
-        let mut object_server = ObjectServer::new(connection);
-        object_server.at(REALMS_SERVER_OBJECT_PATH, iface).map_err(context!("ZBus error"))?;
-        Ok(object_server)
-    }
-
 }
 
 
-#[dbus_interface(name = "com.subgraph.realms.Manager")]
+#[interface(name = "com.subgraph.realms.Manager")]
 impl RealmsManagerServer {
 
-    fn set_current(&self, name: &str) {
-        if let Some(realm) = self.manager.realm_by_name(name) {
-            if let Err(err) = self.manager.set_current_realm(&realm) {
-                warn!("set_current_realm({}) failed: {}", name, err);
+    async fn set_current(&self, name: &str) {
+
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        unblock(move || {
+            if let Some(realm) = manager.realm_by_name(&name) {
+                if let Err(err) = manager.set_current_realm(&realm) {
+                    warn!("set_current_realm({}) failed: {}", name, err);
+                }
             }
-        }
+        }).await
     }
 
-    fn get_current(&self) -> String {
-        match self.manager.current_realm() {
-            Some(realm) => realm.name().to_string(),
-            None => String::new(),
-        }
+    async fn get_current(&self) -> String {
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        unblock(move || {
+            match manager.current_realm() {
+                Some(realm) => realm.name().to_string(),
+                None => String::new(),
+            }
+        }).await
     }
 
     fn list(&self) -> Vec<RealmItem> {
@@ -249,8 +253,12 @@ impl RealmsManagerServer {
         });
     }
 
-    fn realm_from_citadel_pid(&self, pid: u32) -> RealmFromCitadelPid {
-        self.manager.realm_by_pid(pid).into()
+    async fn realm_from_citadel_pid(&self, pid: u32) -> RealmFromCitadelPid {
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        unblock(move || {
+            manager.realm_by_pid(pid).into()
+
+        }).await
     }
 
     fn realm_config(&self, name: &str) -> RealmConfig {
@@ -261,7 +269,7 @@ impl RealmsManagerServer {
         RealmConfig::new_from_realm(&realm)
     }
 
-    fn realm_set_config(&self, name: &str, vars: Vec<(String,String)>) {
+    async fn realm_set_config(&self, name: &str, vars: Vec<(String,String)>) {
         let realm = match self.manager.realm_by_name(name) {
             Some(r) => r,
             None => {
@@ -270,8 +278,12 @@ impl RealmsManagerServer {
             },
         };
 
-        for var in &vars {
-            configure_realm(&self.manager, &realm, &var.0, &var.1);
+        for var in vars {
+            let manager = self.manager.clone();
+            let realm = realm.clone();
+            unblock( move || {
+                configure_realm(&manager, &realm, &var.0, &var.1);
+            }).await;
         }
     }
 
@@ -279,13 +291,18 @@ impl RealmsManagerServer {
         Realm::is_valid_name(name) && self.manager.realm_by_name(name).is_some()
     }
 
-    fn create_realm(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
-        if let Err(err) = self.manager.new_realm(name) {
-            warn!("Error creating realm ({}): {}", name, err);
-            false
-        } else {
-            true
-        }
+    async fn create_realm(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
+
+        let manager = self.manager.clone();
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        unblock(move || {
+            if let Err(err) = manager.new_realm(&name) {
+                warn!("Error creating realm ({}): {}", name, err);
+                false
+            } else {
+                true
+            }
+        }).await
     }
 
     fn list_realm_f_s(&self) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -299,23 +316,23 @@ impl RealmsManagerServer {
 
     }
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn realm_started(&self, realm: &str, pid_ns: u64, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn realm_started(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>, realm: &str, pid_ns: u64, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn realm_stopped(&self, realm: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn realm_stopped(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>, realm: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn realm_new(&self, realm: &str, description: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn realm_new(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>, realm: &str, description: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn realm_removed(&self, realm: &str) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn realm_removed(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>, realm: &str) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn realm_current(&self, realm: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn realm_current(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>, realm: &str, status: u8) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
-    #[dbus_interface(signal)]
-    pub fn service_started(&self) -> zbus::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+    #[zbus(signal)]
+    pub async fn service_started(ctx: &SignalContext<'_>) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
 }
 

systemd/citadel-desktop-watcher.path

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ StartLimitIntervalSec=0
 
 [Path]
 PathChanged=/run/citadel/realms/current/current.realm/rootfs/usr/share/applications
-PathChanged=/run/citadel/realms/current/current.realm/rootfs/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share/applications
+PathChanged=/run/citadel/realms/current/current.realm/flatpak/exports/share/applications
 PathChanged=/run/citadel/realms/current/current.realm/home/.local/share/applications
 PathChanged=/run/citadel/realms/current/current.realm/home/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share/applications