/* GLIB - Library of useful routines for C programming * Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald * * gthread.c: MT safety related functions * Copyright 1998 Sebastian Wilhelmi; University of Karlsruhe * Owen Taylor * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this library; if not, write to the * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* Prelude {{{1 ----------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Modified by the GLib Team and others 1997-2000. See the AUTHORS * file for a list of people on the GLib Team. See the ChangeLog * files for a list of changes. These files are distributed with * GLib at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/. */ /* * MT safe */ /* implement gthread.h's inline functions */ #define G_IMPLEMENT_INLINES 1 #define __G_THREAD_C__ #include "config.h" #include "gthread.h" #include "gthreadprivate.h" #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H #include #endif #ifndef G_OS_WIN32 #include #include #else #include #endif /* G_OS_WIN32 */ #include #include "garray.h" #include "gbitlock.h" #include "gslist.h" #include "gtestutils.h" //#include "gtimer.h" /** * SECTION:threads * @title: Threads * @short_description: thread abstraction; including threads, different * mutexes, conditions and thread private data * @see_also: #GThreadPool, #GAsyncQueue * * Threads act almost like processes, but unlike processes all threads * of one process share the same memory. This is good, as it provides * easy communication between the involved threads via this shared * memory, and it is bad, because strange things (so called * "Heisenbugs") might happen if the program is not carefully designed. * In particular, due to the concurrent nature of threads, no * assumptions on the order of execution of code running in different * threads can be made, unless order is explicitly forced by the * programmer through synchronization primitives. * * The aim of the thread related functions in GLib is to provide a * portable means for writing multi-threaded software. There are * primitives for mutexes to protect the access to portions of memory * (#GMutex, #GStaticMutex, #G_LOCK_DEFINE, #GStaticRecMutex and * #GStaticRWLock). There is a facility to use individual bits for * locks (g_bit_lock()). There are primitives for condition variables to * allow synchronization of threads (#GCond). There are primitives for * thread-private data - data that every thread has a private instance * of (#GPrivate, #GStaticPrivate). There are facilities for one-time * initialization (#GOnce, g_once_init_enter()). Last but definitely * not least there are primitives to portably create and manage * threads (#GThread). * * The threading system is initialized with g_thread_init(), which * takes an optional custom thread implementation or %NULL for the * default implementation. If you want to call g_thread_init() with a * non-%NULL argument this must be done before executing any other GLib * functions (except g_mem_set_vtable()). This is a requirement even if * no threads are in fact ever created by the process. * * Calling g_thread_init() with a %NULL argument is somewhat more * relaxed. You may call any other glib functions in the main thread * before g_thread_init() as long as g_thread_init() is not called from * a glib callback, or with any locks held. However, many libraries * above glib does not support late initialization of threads, so doing * this should be avoided if possible. * * Please note that since version 2.24 the GObject initialization * function g_type_init() initializes threads (with a %NULL argument), * so most applications, including those using Gtk+ will run with * threads enabled. If you want a special thread implementation, make * sure you call g_thread_init() before g_type_init() is called. * * After calling g_thread_init(), GLib is completely thread safe (all * global data is automatically locked), but individual data structure * instances are not automatically locked for performance reasons. So, * for example you must coordinate accesses to the same #GHashTable * from multiple threads. The two notable exceptions from this rule * are #GMainLoop and #GAsyncQueue, which are * threadsafe and need no further application-level locking to be * accessed from multiple threads. * * To help debugging problems in multithreaded applications, GLib * supports error-checking mutexes that will give you helpful error * messages on common problems. To use error-checking mutexes, define * the symbol #G_ERRORCHECK_MUTEXES when compiling the application. **/ /** * G_THREADS_IMPL_POSIX: * * This macro is defined if POSIX style threads are used. **/ /** * G_THREADS_ENABLED: * * This macro is defined if GLib was compiled with thread support. This * does not necessarily mean that there is a thread implementation * available, but it does mean that the infrastructure is in place and * that once you provide a thread implementation to g_thread_init(), * GLib will be multi-thread safe. If #G_THREADS_ENABLED is not * defined, then Glib is not, and cannot be, multi-thread safe. **/ /** * G_THREADS_IMPL_NONE: * * This macro is defined if no thread implementation is used. You can, * however, provide one to g_thread_init() to make GLib multi-thread * safe. **/ /* G_LOCK Documentation {{{1 ---------------------------------------------- */ /* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: * * G_LOCK_DEFINE and friends are convenience macros defined in * gthread.h. Their documentation lives here. */ /** * G_LOCK_DEFINE: * @name: the name of the lock. * * The %G_LOCK_* macros provide a convenient interface to #GStaticMutex * with the advantage that they will expand to nothing in programs * compiled against a thread-disabled GLib, saving code and memory * there. #G_LOCK_DEFINE defines a lock. It can appear anywhere * variable definitions may appear in programs, i.e. in the first block * of a function or outside of functions. The @name parameter will be * mangled to get the name of the #GStaticMutex. This means that you * can use names of existing variables as the parameter - e.g. the name * of the variable you intent to protect with the lock. Look at our * give_me_next_number() example using the * %G_LOCK_* macros: * * * Using the %G_LOCK_* convenience macros * * G_LOCK_DEFINE (current_number); * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * static int current_number = 0; * int ret_val; * * G_LOCK (current_number); * ret_val = current_number = calc_next_number (current_number); * G_UNLOCK (current_number); * * return ret_val; * } * * **/ /** * G_LOCK_DEFINE_STATIC: * @name: the name of the lock. * * This works like #G_LOCK_DEFINE, but it creates a static object. **/ /** * G_LOCK_EXTERN: * @name: the name of the lock. * * This declares a lock, that is defined with #G_LOCK_DEFINE in another * module. **/ /** * G_LOCK: * @name: the name of the lock. * * Works like g_mutex_lock(), but for a lock defined with * #G_LOCK_DEFINE. **/ /** * G_TRYLOCK: * @name: the name of the lock. * @Returns: %TRUE, if the lock could be locked. * * Works like g_mutex_trylock(), but for a lock defined with * #G_LOCK_DEFINE. **/ /** * G_UNLOCK: * @name: the name of the lock. * * Works like g_mutex_unlock(), but for a lock defined with * #G_LOCK_DEFINE. **/ /* GThreadError {{{1 ------------------------------------------------------- */ /** * GThreadError: * @G_THREAD_ERROR_AGAIN: a thread couldn't be created due to resource * shortage. Try again later. * * Possible errors of thread related functions. **/ /** * G_THREAD_ERROR: * * The error domain of the GLib thread subsystem. **/ GQuark g_thread_error_quark (void) { return g_quark_from_static_string ("g_thread_error"); } /* Miscellaneous Structures {{{1 ------------------------------------------ */ typedef struct _GRealThread GRealThread; struct _GRealThread { GThread thread; /* Bit 0 protects private_data. To avoid deadlocks, do not block while * holding this (particularly on the g_thread lock). */ volatile gint private_data_lock; GArray *private_data; GRealThread *next; gpointer retval; GSystemThread system_thread; }; #define LOCK_PRIVATE_DATA(self) g_bit_lock (&(self)->private_data_lock, 0) #define UNLOCK_PRIVATE_DATA(self) g_bit_unlock (&(self)->private_data_lock, 0) typedef struct _GStaticPrivateNode GStaticPrivateNode; struct _GStaticPrivateNode { gpointer data; GDestroyNotify destroy; }; static void g_thread_cleanup (gpointer data); static void g_thread_fail (void); static guint64 gettime (void); guint64 (*g_thread_gettime) (void) = gettime; /* Global Variables {{{1 -------------------------------------------------- */ static GSystemThread zero_thread; /* This is initialized to all zero */ gboolean g_thread_use_default_impl = TRUE; /** * g_thread_supported: * @Returns: %TRUE, if the thread system is initialized. * * This function returns %TRUE if the thread system is initialized, and * %FALSE if it is not. * * This function is actually a macro. Apart from taking the * address of it you can however use it as if it was a * function. **/ /* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: * * g_thread_supported() is just returns g_threads_got_initialized */ gboolean g_threads_got_initialized = FALSE; /* Thread Implementation Virtual Function Table {{{1 ---------------------- */ /* Virtual Function Table Documentation {{{2 ------------------------------ */ /** * GThreadFunctions: * @mutex_new: virtual function pointer for g_mutex_new() * @mutex_lock: virtual function pointer for g_mutex_lock() * @mutex_trylock: virtual function pointer for g_mutex_trylock() * @mutex_unlock: virtual function pointer for g_mutex_unlock() * @mutex_free: virtual function pointer for g_mutex_free() * @cond_new: virtual function pointer for g_cond_new() * @cond_signal: virtual function pointer for g_cond_signal() * @cond_broadcast: virtual function pointer for g_cond_broadcast() * @cond_wait: virtual function pointer for g_cond_wait() * @cond_timed_wait: virtual function pointer for g_cond_timed_wait() * @cond_free: virtual function pointer for g_cond_free() * @private_new: virtual function pointer for g_private_new() * @private_get: virtual function pointer for g_private_get() * @private_set: virtual function pointer for g_private_set() * @thread_create: virtual function pointer for g_thread_create() * @thread_yield: virtual function pointer for g_thread_yield() * @thread_join: virtual function pointer for g_thread_join() * @thread_exit: virtual function pointer for g_thread_exit() * @thread_set_priority: virtual function pointer for * g_thread_set_priority() * @thread_self: virtual function pointer for g_thread_self() * @thread_equal: used internally by recursive mutex locks and by some * assertion checks * * This function table is used by g_thread_init() to initialize the * thread system. The functions in the table are directly used by their * g_* prepended counterparts (described in this document). For * example, if you call g_mutex_new() then mutex_new() from the table * provided to g_thread_init() will be called. * * Do not use this struct unless you know what you are * doing. **/ /* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: * * g_thread_functions_for_glib_use is a global symbol that gets used by * most of the "primitive" threading calls. g_mutex_lock(), for * example, is just a macro that calls the appropriate virtual function * out of this table. * * For that reason, all of those macros are documented here. */ GThreadFunctions g_thread_functions_for_glib_use = { /* GMutex Virtual Functions {{{2 ------------------------------------------ */ /** * GMutex: * * The #GMutex struct is an opaque data structure to represent a mutex * (mutual exclusion). It can be used to protect data against shared * access. Take for example the following function: * * * A function which will not work in a threaded environment * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * static int current_number = 0; * * /* now do a very complicated calculation to calculate the new * * number, this might for example be a random number generator * */ * current_number = calc_next_number (current_number); * * return current_number; * } * * * * It is easy to see that this won't work in a multi-threaded * application. There current_number must be protected against shared * access. A first naive implementation would be: * * * The wrong way to write a thread-safe function * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * static int current_number = 0; * int ret_val; * static GMutex * mutex = NULL; * * if (!mutex) mutex = g_mutex_new (); * * g_mutex_lock (mutex); * ret_val = current_number = calc_next_number (current_number); * g_mutex_unlock (mutex); * * return ret_val; * } * * * * This looks like it would work, but there is a race condition while * constructing the mutex and this code cannot work reliable. Please do * not use such constructs in your own programs! One working solution * is: * * * A correct thread-safe function * * static GMutex *give_me_next_number_mutex = NULL; * * /* this function must be called before any call to * * give_me_next_number() * * * * it must be called exactly once. * */ * void * init_give_me_next_number (void) * { * g_assert (give_me_next_number_mutex == NULL); * give_me_next_number_mutex = g_mutex_new (); * } * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * static int current_number = 0; * int ret_val; * * g_mutex_lock (give_me_next_number_mutex); * ret_val = current_number = calc_next_number (current_number); * g_mutex_unlock (give_me_next_number_mutex); * * return ret_val; * } * * * * #GStaticMutex provides a simpler and safer way of doing this. * * If you want to use a mutex, and your code should also work without * calling g_thread_init() first, then you cannot use a #GMutex, as * g_mutex_new() requires that the thread system be initialized. Use a * #GStaticMutex instead. * * A #GMutex should only be accessed via the following functions. * * All of the g_mutex_* functions are * actually macros. Apart from taking their addresses, you can however * use them as if they were functions. **/ /** * g_mutex_new: * @Returns: a new #GMutex. * * Creates a new #GMutex. * * This function will abort if g_thread_init() has not been * called yet. **/ (GMutex*(*)())g_thread_fail, /** * g_mutex_lock: * @mutex: a #GMutex. * * Locks @mutex. If @mutex is already locked by another thread, the * current thread will block until @mutex is unlocked by the other * thread. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will do nothing. * * #GMutex is neither guaranteed to be recursive nor to be * non-recursive, i.e. a thread could deadlock while calling * g_mutex_lock(), if it already has locked @mutex. Use * #GStaticRecMutex, if you need recursive mutexes. **/ NULL, /** * g_mutex_trylock: * @mutex: a #GMutex. * @Returns: %TRUE, if @mutex could be locked. * * Tries to lock @mutex. If @mutex is already locked by another thread, * it immediately returns %FALSE. Otherwise it locks @mutex and returns * %TRUE. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will immediately return %TRUE. * * #GMutex is neither guaranteed to be recursive nor to be * non-recursive, i.e. the return value of g_mutex_trylock() could be * both %FALSE or %TRUE, if the current thread already has locked * @mutex. Use #GStaticRecMutex, if you need recursive * mutexes. **/ NULL, /** * g_mutex_unlock: * @mutex: a #GMutex. * * Unlocks @mutex. If another thread is blocked in a g_mutex_lock() * call for @mutex, it will be woken and can lock @mutex itself. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will do nothing. **/ NULL, /** * g_mutex_free: * @mutex: a #GMutex. * * Destroys @mutex. * * Calling g_mutex_free() on a locked mutex may result in * undefined behaviour. **/ NULL, /* GCond Virtual Functions {{{2 ------------------------------------------ */ /** * GCond: * * The #GCond struct is an opaque data structure that represents a * condition. Threads can block on a #GCond if they find a certain * condition to be false. If other threads change the state of this * condition they signal the #GCond, and that causes the waiting * threads to be woken up. * * * * Using GCond to block a thread until a condition is satisfied * * * GCond* data_cond = NULL; /* Must be initialized somewhere */ * GMutex* data_mutex = NULL; /* Must be initialized somewhere */ * gpointer current_data = NULL; * * void * push_data (gpointer data) * { * g_mutex_lock (data_mutex); * current_data = data; * g_cond_signal (data_cond); * g_mutex_unlock (data_mutex); * } * * gpointer * pop_data (void) * { * gpointer data; * * g_mutex_lock (data_mutex); * while (!current_data) * g_cond_wait (data_cond, data_mutex); * data = current_data; * current_data = NULL; * g_mutex_unlock (data_mutex); * * return data; * } * * * * Whenever a thread calls pop_data() now, it will * wait until current_data is non-%NULL, i.e. until some other thread * has called push_data(). * * It is important to use the g_cond_wait() and * g_cond_timed_wait() functions only inside a loop which checks for the * condition to be true. It is not guaranteed that the waiting thread * will find the condition fulfilled after it wakes up, even if the * signaling thread left the condition in that state: another thread may * have altered the condition before the waiting thread got the chance * to be woken up, even if the condition itself is protected by a * #GMutex, like above. * * A #GCond should only be accessed via the following functions. * * All of the g_cond_* functions are * actually macros. Apart from taking their addresses, you can however * use them as if they were functions. **/ /** * g_cond_new: * @Returns: a new #GCond. * * Creates a new #GCond. This function will abort, if g_thread_init() * has not been called yet. **/ (GCond*(*)())g_thread_fail, /** * g_cond_signal: * @cond: a #GCond. * * If threads are waiting for @cond, exactly one of them is woken up. * It is good practice to hold the same lock as the waiting thread * while calling this function, though not required. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will do nothing. **/ NULL, /** * g_cond_broadcast: * @cond: a #GCond. * * If threads are waiting for @cond, all of them are woken up. It is * good practice to lock the same mutex as the waiting threads, while * calling this function, though not required. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will do nothing. **/ NULL, /** * g_cond_wait: * @cond: a #GCond. * @mutex: a #GMutex, that is currently locked. * * Waits until this thread is woken up on @cond. The @mutex is unlocked * before falling asleep and locked again before resuming. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will immediately return. **/ NULL, /** * g_cond_timed_wait: * @cond: a #GCond. * @mutex: a #GMutex that is currently locked. * @abs_time: a #GTimeVal, determining the final time. * @Returns: %TRUE if @cond was signalled, or %FALSE on timeout. * * Waits until this thread is woken up on @cond, but not longer than * until the time specified by @abs_time. The @mutex is unlocked before * falling asleep and locked again before resuming. * * If @abs_time is %NULL, g_cond_timed_wait() acts like g_cond_wait(). * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will immediately return %TRUE. * * To easily calculate @abs_time a combination of g_get_current_time() * and g_time_val_add() can be used. **/ NULL, /** * g_cond_free: * @cond: a #GCond. * * Destroys the #GCond. **/ NULL, /* GPrivate Virtual Functions {{{2 --------------------------------------- */ /** * GPrivate: * * * #GStaticPrivate is a better choice for most uses. * * * The #GPrivate struct is an opaque data structure to represent a * thread private data key. Threads can thereby obtain and set a * pointer which is private to the current thread. Take our * give_me_next_number() example from * above. Suppose we don't want current_number to be * shared between the threads, but instead to be private to each thread. * This can be done as follows: * * * Using GPrivate for per-thread data * * GPrivate* current_number_key = NULL; /* Must be initialized somewhere * with g_private_new (g_free); */ * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * int *current_number = g_private_get (current_number_key); * * if (!current_number) * { * current_number = g_new (int, 1); * *current_number = 0; * g_private_set (current_number_key, current_number); * } * * *current_number = calc_next_number (*current_number); * * return *current_number; * } * * * * Here the pointer belonging to the key * current_number_key is read. If it is %NULL, it has * not been set yet. Then get memory for an integer value, assign this * memory to the pointer and write the pointer back. Now we have an * integer value that is private to the current thread. * * The #GPrivate struct should only be accessed via the following * functions. * * All of the g_private_* functions are * actually macros. Apart from taking their addresses, you can however * use them as if they were functions. **/ /** * g_private_new: * @destructor: a function to destroy the data keyed to #GPrivate when * a thread ends. * @Returns: a new #GPrivate. * * Creates a new #GPrivate. If @destructor is non-%NULL, it is a * pointer to a destructor function. Whenever a thread ends and the * corresponding pointer keyed to this instance of #GPrivate is * non-%NULL, the destructor is called with this pointer as the * argument. * * * #GStaticPrivate is a better choice for most uses. * * * @destructor is used quite differently from @notify in * g_static_private_set(). * * A #GPrivate cannot be freed. Reuse it instead, if you * can, to avoid shortage, or use #GStaticPrivate. * * This function will abort if g_thread_init() has not been * called yet. **/ (GPrivate*(*)(GDestroyNotify))g_thread_fail, /** * g_private_get: * @private_key: a #GPrivate. * @Returns: the corresponding pointer. * * Returns the pointer keyed to @private_key for the current thread. If * g_private_set() hasn't been called for the current @private_key and * thread yet, this pointer will be %NULL. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will return the value of @private_key * casted to #gpointer. Note however, that private data set * before g_thread_init() will * not be retained after the * call. Instead, %NULL will be returned in all threads directly after * g_thread_init(), regardless of any g_private_set() calls issued * before threading system intialization. **/ NULL, /** * g_private_set: * @private_key: a #GPrivate. * @data: the new pointer. * * Sets the pointer keyed to @private_key for the current thread. * * This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been * called, and, in that case, will set @private_key to @data casted to * #GPrivate*. See g_private_get() for resulting caveats. **/ NULL, /* GThread Virtual Functions {{{2 ---------------------------------------- */ /** * GThread: * * The #GThread struct represents a running thread. It has three public * read-only members, but the underlying struct is bigger, so you must * not copy this struct. * * Resources for a joinable thread are not fully released * until g_thread_join() is called for that thread. **/ /** * GThreadFunc: * @data: data passed to the thread. * @Returns: the return value of the thread, which will be returned by * g_thread_join(). * * Specifies the type of the @func functions passed to * g_thread_create() or g_thread_create_full(). **/ /** * GThreadPriority: * @G_THREAD_PRIORITY_LOW: a priority lower than normal * @G_THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL: the default priority * @G_THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGH: a priority higher than normal * @G_THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT: the highest priority * * Specifies the priority of a thread. * * It is not guaranteed that threads with different priorities * really behave accordingly. On some systems (e.g. Linux) there are no * thread priorities. On other systems (e.g. Solaris) there doesn't * seem to be different scheduling for different priorities. All in all * try to avoid being dependent on priorities. **/ /** * g_thread_create: * @func: a function to execute in the new thread. * @data: an argument to supply to the new thread. * @joinable: should this thread be joinable? * @error: return location for error. * @Returns: the new #GThread on success. * * This function creates a new thread with the default priority. * * If @joinable is %TRUE, you can wait for this threads termination * calling g_thread_join(). Otherwise the thread will just disappear * when it terminates. * * The new thread executes the function @func with the argument @data. * If the thread was created successfully, it is returned. * * @error can be %NULL to ignore errors, or non-%NULL to report errors. * The error is set, if and only if the function returns %NULL. **/ (void(*)(GThreadFunc, gpointer, gulong, gboolean, gboolean, GThreadPriority, gpointer, GError**))g_thread_fail, /** * g_thread_yield: * * Gives way to other threads waiting to be scheduled. * * This function is often used as a method to make busy wait less evil. * But in most cases you will encounter, there are better methods to do * that. So in general you shouldn't use this function. **/ NULL, NULL, /* thread_join */ NULL, /* thread_exit */ NULL, /* thread_set_priority */ NULL, /* thread_self */ NULL /* thread_equal */ }; /* Local Data {{{1 -------------------------------------------------------- */ static GMutex *g_once_mutex = NULL; static GCond *g_once_cond = NULL; static GPrivate *g_thread_specific_private = NULL; static GRealThread *g_thread_all_threads = NULL; static GSList *g_thread_free_indices = NULL; static GSList* g_once_init_list = NULL; G_LOCK_DEFINE_STATIC (g_thread); /* Initialisation {{{1 ---------------------------------------------------- */ #ifdef G_THREADS_ENABLED /** * g_thread_init: * @vtable: a function table of type #GThreadFunctions, that provides * the entry points to the thread system to be used. * * If you use GLib from more than one thread, you must initialize the * thread system by calling g_thread_init(). Most of the time you will * only have to call g_thread_init (NULL). * * Do not call g_thread_init() with a non-%NULL parameter unless * you really know what you are doing. * * g_thread_init() must not be called directly or indirectly as a * callback from GLib. Also no mutexes may be currently locked while * calling g_thread_init(). * * g_thread_init() changes the way in which #GTimer measures * elapsed time. As a consequence, timers that are running while * g_thread_init() is called may report unreliable times. * * Calling g_thread_init() multiple times is allowed (since version * 2.24), but nothing happens except for the first call. If the * argument is non-%NULL on such a call a warning will be printed, but * otherwise the argument is ignored. * * If no thread system is available and @vtable is %NULL or if not all * elements of @vtable are non-%NULL, then g_thread_init() will abort. * * To use g_thread_init() in your program, you have to link with * the libraries that the command pkg-config --libs * gthread-2.0 outputs. This is not the case for all the * other thread related functions of GLib. Those can be used without * having to link with the thread libraries. **/ /* This must be called only once, before any threads are created. * It will only be called from g_thread_init() in -lgthread. */ void g_thread_init_glib (void) { /* We let the main thread (the one that calls g_thread_init) inherit * the static_private data set before calling g_thread_init */ GRealThread* main_thread = (GRealThread*) g_thread_self (); /* mutex and cond creation works without g_threads_got_initialized */ g_once_mutex = g_mutex_new (); g_once_cond = g_cond_new (); /* we may only create mutex and cond in here */ _g_mem_thread_init_noprivate_nomessage (); /* setup the basic threading system */ g_threads_got_initialized = TRUE; g_thread_specific_private = g_private_new (g_thread_cleanup); g_private_set (g_thread_specific_private, main_thread); G_THREAD_UF (thread_self, (&main_thread->system_thread)); /* complete memory system initialization, g_private_*() works now */ _g_slice_thread_init_nomessage (); /* accomplish log system initialization to enable messaging */ _g_messages_thread_init_nomessage (); /* we may run full-fledged initializers from here */ _g_utils_thread_init (); _g_futex_thread_init (); #ifdef G_OS_WIN32 _g_win32_thread_init (); #endif } #endif /* G_THREADS_ENABLED */ /* The following sections implement: GOnce, GStaticMutex, GStaticRecMutex, * GStaticPrivate, **/ /* GOnce {{{1 ------------------------------------------------------------- */ /** * GOnce: * @status: the status of the #GOnce * @retval: the value returned by the call to the function, if @status * is %G_ONCE_STATUS_READY * * A #GOnce struct controls a one-time initialization function. Any * one-time initialization function must have its own unique #GOnce * struct. * * Since: 2.4 **/ /** * G_ONCE_INIT: * * A #GOnce must be initialized with this macro before it can be used. * * * * GOnce my_once = G_ONCE_INIT; * * * * Since: 2.4 **/ /** * GOnceStatus: * @G_ONCE_STATUS_NOTCALLED: the function has not been called yet. * @G_ONCE_STATUS_PROGRESS: the function call is currently in progress. * @G_ONCE_STATUS_READY: the function has been called. * * The possible statuses of a one-time initialization function * controlled by a #GOnce struct. * * Since: 2.4 **/ /** * g_once: * @once: a #GOnce structure * @func: the #GThreadFunc function associated to @once. This function * is called only once, regardless of the number of times it and * its associated #GOnce struct are passed to g_once(). * @arg: data to be passed to @func * * The first call to this routine by a process with a given #GOnce * struct calls @func with the given argument. Thereafter, subsequent * calls to g_once() with the same #GOnce struct do not call @func * again, but return the stored result of the first call. On return * from g_once(), the status of @once will be %G_ONCE_STATUS_READY. * * For example, a mutex or a thread-specific data key must be created * exactly once. In a threaded environment, calling g_once() ensures * that the initialization is serialized across multiple threads. * * Calling g_once() recursively on the same #GOnce struct in * @func will lead to a deadlock. * * * * gpointer * get_debug_flags (void) * { * static GOnce my_once = G_ONCE_INIT; * * g_once (&my_once, parse_debug_flags, NULL); * * return my_once.retval; * } * * * * Since: 2.4 **/ gpointer g_once_impl (GOnce *once, GThreadFunc func, gpointer arg) { g_mutex_lock (g_once_mutex); while (once->status == G_ONCE_STATUS_PROGRESS) g_cond_wait (g_once_cond, g_once_mutex); if (once->status != G_ONCE_STATUS_READY) { once->status = G_ONCE_STATUS_PROGRESS; g_mutex_unlock (g_once_mutex); once->retval = func (arg); g_mutex_lock (g_once_mutex); once->status = G_ONCE_STATUS_READY; g_cond_broadcast (g_once_cond); } g_mutex_unlock (g_once_mutex); return once->retval; } /** * g_once_init_enter: * @value_location: location of a static initializable variable * containing 0. * @Returns: %TRUE if the initialization section should be entered, * %FALSE and blocks otherwise * * Function to be called when starting a critical initialization * section. The argument @value_location must point to a static * 0-initialized variable that will be set to a value other than 0 at * the end of the initialization section. In combination with * g_once_init_leave() and the unique address @value_location, it can * be ensured that an initialization section will be executed only once * during a program's life time, and that concurrent threads are * blocked until initialization completed. To be used in constructs * like this: * * * * static gsize initialization_value = 0; * * if (g_once_init_enter (&initialization_value)) * { * gsize setup_value = 42; /* initialization code here */ * * g_once_init_leave (&initialization_value, setup_value); * } * * /* use initialization_value here */ * * * * Since: 2.14 **/ gboolean g_once_init_enter_impl (volatile gsize *value_location) { gboolean need_init = FALSE; g_mutex_lock (g_once_mutex); if (g_atomic_pointer_get (value_location) == NULL) { if (!g_slist_find (g_once_init_list, (void*) value_location)) { need_init = TRUE; g_once_init_list = g_slist_prepend (g_once_init_list, (void*) value_location); } else do g_cond_wait (g_once_cond, g_once_mutex); while (g_slist_find (g_once_init_list, (void*) value_location)); } g_mutex_unlock (g_once_mutex); return need_init; } /** * g_once_init_leave: * @value_location: location of a static initializable variable * containing 0. * @initialization_value: new non-0 value for *@value_location. * * Counterpart to g_once_init_enter(). Expects a location of a static * 0-initialized initialization variable, and an initialization value * other than 0. Sets the variable to the initialization value, and * releases concurrent threads blocking in g_once_init_enter() on this * initialization variable. * * Since: 2.14 **/ void g_once_init_leave (volatile gsize *value_location, gsize initialization_value) { g_return_if_fail (g_atomic_pointer_get (value_location) == NULL); g_return_if_fail (initialization_value != 0); g_return_if_fail (g_once_init_list != NULL); g_atomic_pointer_set (value_location, initialization_value); g_mutex_lock (g_once_mutex); g_once_init_list = g_slist_remove (g_once_init_list, (void*) value_location); g_cond_broadcast (g_once_cond); g_mutex_unlock (g_once_mutex); } /* GStaticMutex {{{1 ------------------------------------------------------ */ /** * GStaticMutex: * * A #GStaticMutex works like a #GMutex, but it has one significant * advantage. It doesn't need to be created at run-time like a #GMutex, * but can be defined at compile-time. Here is a shorter, easier and * safer version of our give_me_next_number() * example: * * * * Using <structname>GStaticMutex</structname> * to simplify thread-safe programming * * * int * give_me_next_number (void) * { * static int current_number = 0; * int ret_val; * static GStaticMutex mutex = G_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT; * * g_static_mutex_lock (&mutex); * ret_val = current_number = calc_next_number (current_number); * g_static_mutex_unlock (&mutex); * * return ret_val; * } * * * * Sometimes you would like to dynamically create a mutex. If you don't * want to require prior calling to g_thread_init(), because your code * should also be usable in non-threaded programs, you are not able to * use g_mutex_new() and thus #GMutex, as that requires a prior call to * g_thread_init(). In theses cases you can also use a #GStaticMutex. * It must be initialized with g_static_mutex_init() before using it * and freed with with g_static_mutex_free() when not needed anymore to * free up any allocated resources. * * Even though #GStaticMutex is not opaque, it should only be used with * the following functions, as it is defined differently on different * platforms. * * All of the g_static_mutex_* functions apart * from g_static_mutex_get_mutex can also be used * even if g_thread_init() has not yet been called. Then they do * nothing, apart from g_static_mutex_trylock, * which does nothing but returning %TRUE. * * All of the g_static_mutex_* * functions are actually macros. Apart from taking their addresses, you * can however use them as if they were functions. **/ /** * G_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT: * * A #GStaticMutex must be initialized with this macro, before it can * be used. This macro can used be to initialize a variable, but it * cannot be assigned to a variable. In that case you have to use * g_static_mutex_init(). * * * * GStaticMutex my_mutex = G_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT; * * **/ /** * g_static_mutex_init: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex to be initialized. * * Initializes @mutex. Alternatively you can initialize it with * #G_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT. **/ void g_static_mutex_init (GStaticMutex *mutex) { static const GStaticMutex init_mutex = G_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT; g_return_if_fail (mutex); *mutex = init_mutex; } /* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: * * On some platforms a GStaticMutex is actually a normal GMutex stored * inside of a structure instead of being allocated dynamically. We can * only do this for platforms on which we know, in advance, how to * allocate (size) and initialise (value) that memory. * * On other platforms, a GStaticMutex is nothing more than a pointer to * a GMutex. In that case, the first access we make to the static mutex * must first allocate the normal GMutex and store it into the pointer. * * configure.ac writes macros into glibconfig.h to determine if * g_static_mutex_get_mutex() accesses the structure in memory directly * (on platforms where we are able to do that) or if it ends up here, * where we may have to allocate the GMutex before returning it. */ /** * g_static_mutex_get_mutex: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex. * @Returns: the #GMutex corresponding to @mutex. * * For some operations (like g_cond_wait()) you must have a #GMutex * instead of a #GStaticMutex. This function will return the * corresponding #GMutex for @mutex. **/ GMutex * g_static_mutex_get_mutex_impl (GMutex** mutex) { GMutex *result; if (!g_thread_supported ()) return NULL; result = g_atomic_pointer_get (mutex); if (!result) { g_assert (g_once_mutex); g_mutex_lock (g_once_mutex); result = *mutex; if (!result) { result = g_mutex_new (); g_atomic_pointer_set (mutex, result); } g_mutex_unlock (g_once_mutex); } return result; } /* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: * * g_static_mutex_lock(), g_static_mutex_trylock() and * g_static_mutex_unlock() are all preprocessor macros that wrap the * corresponding g_mutex_*() function around a call to * g_static_mutex_get_mutex(). */ /** * g_static_mutex_lock: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex. * * Works like g_mutex_lock(), but for a #GStaticMutex. **/ /** * g_static_mutex_trylock: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex. * @Returns: %TRUE, if the #GStaticMutex could be locked. * * Works like g_mutex_trylock(), but for a #GStaticMutex. **/ /** * g_static_mutex_unlock: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex. * * Works like g_mutex_unlock(), but for a #GStaticMutex. **/ /** * g_static_mutex_free: * @mutex: a #GStaticMutex to be freed. * * Releases all resources allocated to @mutex. * * You don't have to call this functions for a #GStaticMutex with an * unbounded lifetime, i.e. objects declared 'static', but if you have * a #GStaticMutex as a member of a structure and the structure is * freed, you should also free the #GStaticMutex. * * Calling g_static_mutex_free() on a locked mutex may * result in undefined behaviour. **/ void g_static_mutex_free (GStaticMutex* mutex) { GMutex **runtime_mutex; g_return_if_fail (mutex); /* The runtime_mutex is the first (or only) member of GStaticMutex, * see both versions (of glibconfig.h) in configure.ac. Note, that * this variable is NULL, if g_thread_init() hasn't been called or * if we're using the default thread implementation and it provides * static mutexes. */ runtime_mutex = ((GMutex**)mutex); if (*runtime_mutex) g_mutex_free (*runtime_mutex); *runtime_mutex = NULL; } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /** * GStaticRecMutex: * * A #GStaticRecMutex works like a #GStaticMutex, but it can be locked * multiple times by one thread. If you enter it n times, you have to * unlock it n times again to let other threads lock it. An exception * is the function g_static_rec_mutex_unlock_full(): that allows you to * unlock a #GStaticRecMutex completely returning the depth, (i.e. the * number of times this mutex was locked). The depth can later be used * to restore the state of the #GStaticRecMutex by calling * g_static_rec_mutex_lock_full(). * * Even though #GStaticRecMutex is not opaque, it should only be used * with the following functions. * * All of the g_static_rec_mutex_* functions can * be used even if g_thread_init() has not been called. Then they do * nothing, apart from g_static_rec_mutex_trylock, * which does nothing but returning %TRUE. **/ /** * G_STATIC_REC_MUTEX_INIT: * * A #GStaticRecMutex must be initialized with this macro before it can * be used. This macro can used be to initialize a variable, but it * cannot be assigned to a variable. In that case you have to use * g_static_rec_mutex_init(). * * * * GStaticRecMutex my_mutex = G_STATIC_REC_MUTEX_INIT; * **/ /** * g_static_rec_mutex_init: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to be initialized. * * A #GStaticRecMutex must be initialized with this function before it * can be used. Alternatively you can initialize it with * #G_STATIC_REC_MUTEX_INIT. **/ void g_static_rec_mutex_init (GStaticRecMutex *mutex) { static const GStaticRecMutex init_mutex = G_STATIC_REC_MUTEX_INIT; g_return_if_fail (mutex); *mutex = init_mutex; } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_lock: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to lock. * * Locks @mutex. If @mutex is already locked by another thread, the * current thread will block until @mutex is unlocked by the other * thread. If @mutex is already locked by the calling thread, this * functions increases the depth of @mutex and returns immediately. **/ void g_static_rec_mutex_lock (GStaticRecMutex* mutex) { GSystemThread self; g_return_if_fail (mutex); if (!g_thread_supported ()) return; G_THREAD_UF (thread_self, (&self)); if (g_system_thread_equal (self, mutex->owner)) { mutex->depth++; return; } g_static_mutex_lock (&mutex->mutex); g_system_thread_assign (mutex->owner, self); mutex->depth = 1; } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_trylock: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to lock. * @Returns: %TRUE, if @mutex could be locked. * * Tries to lock @mutex. If @mutex is already locked by another thread, * it immediately returns %FALSE. Otherwise it locks @mutex and returns * %TRUE. If @mutex is already locked by the calling thread, this * functions increases the depth of @mutex and immediately returns * %TRUE. **/ gboolean g_static_rec_mutex_trylock (GStaticRecMutex* mutex) { GSystemThread self; g_return_val_if_fail (mutex, FALSE); if (!g_thread_supported ()) return TRUE; G_THREAD_UF (thread_self, (&self)); if (g_system_thread_equal (self, mutex->owner)) { mutex->depth++; return TRUE; } if (!g_static_mutex_trylock (&mutex->mutex)) return FALSE; g_system_thread_assign (mutex->owner, self); mutex->depth = 1; return TRUE; } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_unlock: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to unlock. * * Unlocks @mutex. Another thread will be allowed to lock @mutex only * when it has been unlocked as many times as it had been locked * before. If @mutex is completely unlocked and another thread is * blocked in a g_static_rec_mutex_lock() call for @mutex, it will be * woken and can lock @mutex itself. **/ void g_static_rec_mutex_unlock (GStaticRecMutex* mutex) { g_return_if_fail (mutex); if (!g_thread_supported ()) return; if (mutex->depth > 1) { mutex->depth--; return; } g_system_thread_assign (mutex->owner, zero_thread); g_static_mutex_unlock (&mutex->mutex); } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_lock_full: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to lock. * @depth: number of times this mutex has to be unlocked to be * completely unlocked. * * Works like calling g_static_rec_mutex_lock() for @mutex @depth times. **/ void g_static_rec_mutex_lock_full (GStaticRecMutex *mutex, guint depth) { GSystemThread self; g_return_if_fail (mutex); if (!g_thread_supported ()) return; if (depth == 0) return; G_THREAD_UF (thread_self, (&self)); if (g_system_thread_equal (self, mutex->owner)) { mutex->depth += depth; return; } g_static_mutex_lock (&mutex->mutex); g_system_thread_assign (mutex->owner, self); mutex->depth = depth; } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_unlock_full: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to completely unlock. * @Returns: number of times @mutex has been locked by the current * thread. * * Completely unlocks @mutex. If another thread is blocked in a * g_static_rec_mutex_lock() call for @mutex, it will be woken and can * lock @mutex itself. This function returns the number of times that * @mutex has been locked by the current thread. To restore the state * before the call to g_static_rec_mutex_unlock_full() you can call * g_static_rec_mutex_lock_full() with the depth returned by this * function. **/ guint g_static_rec_mutex_unlock_full (GStaticRecMutex *mutex) { guint depth; g_return_val_if_fail (mutex, 0); if (!g_thread_supported ()) return 1; depth = mutex->depth; g_system_thread_assign (mutex->owner, zero_thread); mutex->depth = 0; g_static_mutex_unlock (&mutex->mutex); return depth; } /** * g_static_rec_mutex_free: * @mutex: a #GStaticRecMutex to be freed. * * Releases all resources allocated to a #GStaticRecMutex. * * You don't have to call this functions for a #GStaticRecMutex with an * unbounded lifetime, i.e. objects declared 'static', but if you have * a #GStaticRecMutex as a member of a structure and the structure is * freed, you should also free the #GStaticRecMutex. **/ void g_static_rec_mutex_free (GStaticRecMutex *mutex) { g_return_if_fail (mutex); g_static_mutex_free (&mutex->mutex); } /* GStaticPrivate {{{1 ---------------------------------------------------- */ /** * GStaticPrivate: * * A #GStaticPrivate works almost like a #GPrivate, but it has one * significant advantage. It doesn't need to be created at run-time * like a #GPrivate, but can be defined at compile-time. This is * similar to the difference between #GMutex and #GStaticMutex. Now * look at our give_me_next_number() example with * #GStaticPrivate: * * * Using GStaticPrivate for per-thread data * * int * give_me_next_number () * { * static GStaticPrivate current_number_key = G_STATIC_PRIVATE_INIT; * int *current_number = g_static_private_get (&current_number_key); * * if (!current_number) * { * current_number = g_new (int,1); * *current_number = 0; * g_static_private_set (&current_number_key, current_number, g_free); * } * * *current_number = calc_next_number (*current_number); * * return *current_number; * } * * **/ /** * G_STATIC_PRIVATE_INIT: * * Every #GStaticPrivate must be initialized with this macro, before it * can be used. * * * * GStaticPrivate my_private = G_STATIC_PRIVATE_INIT; * * **/ /** * g_static_private_init: * @private_key: a #GStaticPrivate to be initialized. * * Initializes @private_key. Alternatively you can initialize it with * #G_STATIC_PRIVATE_INIT. **/ void g_static_private_init (GStaticPrivate *private_key) { private_key->index = 0; } /** * g_static_private_get: * @private_key: a #GStaticPrivate. * @Returns: the corresponding pointer. * * Works like g_private_get() only for a #GStaticPrivate. * * This function works even if g_thread_init() has not yet been called. **/ gpointer g_static_private_get (GStaticPrivate *private_key) { GRealThread *self = (GRealThread*) g_thread_self (); GArray *array; gpointer ret = NULL; LOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (self); array = self->private_data; if (array && private_key->index != 0 && private_key->index <= array->len) ret = g_array_index (array, GStaticPrivateNode, private_key->index - 1).data; UNLOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (self); return ret; } /** * g_static_private_set: * @private_key: a #GStaticPrivate. * @data: the new pointer. * @notify: a function to be called with the pointer whenever the * current thread ends or sets this pointer again. * * Sets the pointer keyed to @private_key for the current thread and * the function @notify to be called with that pointer (%NULL or * non-%NULL), whenever the pointer is set again or whenever the * current thread ends. * * This function works even if g_thread_init() has not yet been called. * If g_thread_init() is called later, the @data keyed to @private_key * will be inherited only by the main thread, i.e. the one that called * g_thread_init(). * * @notify is used quite differently from @destructor in * g_private_new(). **/ void g_static_private_set (GStaticPrivate *private_key, gpointer data, GDestroyNotify notify) { GRealThread *self = (GRealThread*) g_thread_self (); GArray *array; static guint next_index = 0; GStaticPrivateNode *node; gpointer ddata = NULL; GDestroyNotify ddestroy = NULL; if (!private_key->index) { G_LOCK (g_thread); if (!private_key->index) { if (g_thread_free_indices) { private_key->index = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (g_thread_free_indices->data); g_thread_free_indices = g_slist_delete_link (g_thread_free_indices, g_thread_free_indices); } else private_key->index = ++next_index; } G_UNLOCK (g_thread); } LOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (self); array = self->private_data; if (!array) { array = g_array_new (FALSE, TRUE, sizeof (GStaticPrivateNode)); self->private_data = array; } if (private_key->index > array->len) g_array_set_size (array, private_key->index); node = &g_array_index (array, GStaticPrivateNode, private_key->index - 1); ddata = node->data; ddestroy = node->destroy; node->data = data; node->destroy = notify; UNLOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (self); if (ddestroy) ddestroy (ddata); } /** * g_static_private_free: * @private_key: a #GStaticPrivate to be freed. * * Releases all resources allocated to @private_key. * * You don't have to call this functions for a #GStaticPrivate with an * unbounded lifetime, i.e. objects declared 'static', but if you have * a #GStaticPrivate as a member of a structure and the structure is * freed, you should also free the #GStaticPrivate. **/ void g_static_private_free (GStaticPrivate *private_key) { guint idx = private_key->index; GRealThread *thread, *next; GArray *garbage = NULL; if (!idx) return; private_key->index = 0; G_LOCK (g_thread); thread = g_thread_all_threads; for (thread = g_thread_all_threads; thread; thread = next) { GArray *array; next = thread->next; LOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (thread); array = thread->private_data; if (array && idx <= array->len) { GStaticPrivateNode *node = &g_array_index (array, GStaticPrivateNode, idx - 1); gpointer ddata = node->data; GDestroyNotify ddestroy = node->destroy; node->data = NULL; node->destroy = NULL; if (ddestroy) { /* defer non-trivial destruction til after we've finished * iterating, since we must continue to hold the lock */ if (garbage == NULL) garbage = g_array_new (FALSE, TRUE, sizeof (GStaticPrivateNode)); g_array_set_size (garbage, garbage->len + 1); node = &g_array_index (garbage, GStaticPrivateNode, garbage->len - 1); node->data = ddata; node->destroy = ddestroy; } } UNLOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (thread); } g_thread_free_indices = g_slist_prepend (g_thread_free_indices, GUINT_TO_POINTER (idx)); G_UNLOCK (g_thread); if (garbage) { guint i; for (i = 0; i < garbage->len; i++) { GStaticPrivateNode *node; node = &g_array_index (garbage, GStaticPrivateNode, i); node->destroy (node->data); } g_array_free (garbage, TRUE); } } /* GThread Extra Functions {{{1 ------------------------------------------- */ static void g_thread_cleanup (gpointer data) { if (data) { GRealThread* thread = data; GArray *array; LOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (thread); array = thread->private_data; thread->private_data = NULL; UNLOCK_PRIVATE_DATA (thread); if (array) { guint i; for (i = 0; i < array->len; i++ ) { GStaticPrivateNode *node = &g_array_index (array, GStaticPrivateNode, i); if (node->destroy) node->destroy (node->data); } g_array_free (array, TRUE); } /* We only free the thread structure, if it isn't joinable. If it is, the structure is freed in g_thread_join */ if (!thread->thread.joinable) { GRealThread *t, *p; G_LOCK (g_thread); for (t = g_thread_all_threads, p = NULL; t; p = t, t = t->next) { if (t == thread) { if (p) p->next = t->next; else g_thread_all_threads = t->next; break; } } G_UNLOCK (g_thread); /* Just to make sure, this isn't used any more */ g_system_thread_assign (thread->system_thread, zero_thread); g_free (thread); } } } static void g_thread_fail (void) { g_error ("The thread system is not yet initialized."); } #define G_NSEC_PER_SEC 1000000000 #define G_USEC_PER_SEC 1000000 static guint64 gettime (void) { #ifdef G_OS_WIN32 guint64 v; /* Returns 100s of nanoseconds since start of 1601 */ GetSystemTimeAsFileTime ((FILETIME *)&v); /* Offset to Unix epoch */ v -= G_GINT64_CONSTANT (116444736000000000); /* Convert to nanoseconds */ v *= 100; return v; #else struct timeval tv; gettimeofday (&tv, NULL); return (guint64) tv.tv_sec * G_NSEC_PER_SEC + tv.tv_usec * (G_NSEC_PER_SEC / G_USEC_PER_SEC); #endif } static gpointer g_thread_create_proxy (gpointer data) { GRealThread* thread = data; g_assert (data); /* This has to happen before G_LOCK, as that might call g_thread_self */ g_private_set (g_thread_specific_private, data); /* the lock makes sure, that thread->system_thread is written, before thread->thread.func is called. See g_thread_create. */ G_LOCK (g_thread); G_UNLOCK (g_thread); thread->retval = thread->thread.func (thread->thread.data); return NULL; } /** * g_thread_create_full: * @func: a function to execute in the new thread. * @data: an argument to supply to the new thread. * @stack_size: a stack size for the new thread. * @joinable: should this thread be joinable? * @bound: should this thread be bound to a system thread? * @priority: a priority for the thread. * @error: return location for error. * @Returns: the new #GThread on success. * * This function creates a new thread with the priority @priority. If * the underlying thread implementation supports it, the thread gets a * stack size of @stack_size or the default value for the current * platform, if @stack_size is 0. * * If @joinable is %TRUE, you can wait for this threads termination * calling g_thread_join(). Otherwise the thread will just disappear * when it terminates. If @bound is %TRUE, this thread will be * scheduled in the system scope, otherwise the implementation is free * to do scheduling in the process scope. The first variant is more * expensive resource-wise, but generally faster. On some systems (e.g. * Linux) all threads are bound. * * The new thread executes the function @func with the argument @data. * If the thread was created successfully, it is returned. * * @error can be %NULL to ignore errors, or non-%NULL to report errors. * The error is set, if and only if the function returns %NULL. * * It is not guaranteed that threads with different priorities * really behave accordingly. On some systems (e.g. Linux) there are no * thread priorities. On other systems (e.g. Solaris) there doesn't * seem to be different scheduling for different priorities. All in all * try to avoid being dependent on priorities. Use * %G_THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL here as a default. * * Only use g_thread_create_full() if you really can't use * g_thread_create() instead. g_thread_create() does not take * @stack_size, @bound, and @priority as arguments, as they should only * be used in cases in which it is unavoidable. **/ GThread* g_thread_create_full (GThreadFunc func, gpointer data, gulong stack_size, gboolean joinable, gboolean bound, GThreadPriority priority, GError **error) { GRealThread* result; GError *local_error = NULL; g_return_val_if_fail (func, NULL); g_return_val_if_fail (priority >= G_THREAD_PRIORITY_LOW, NULL); g_return_val_if_fail (priority <= G_THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT, NULL); result = g_new0 (GRealThread, 1); result->thread.joinable = joinable; result->thread.priority = priority; result->thread.func = func; result->thread.data = data; result->private_data = NULL; G_LOCK (g_thread); G_THREAD_UF (thread_create, (g_thread_create_proxy, result, stack_size, joinable, bound, priority, &result->system_thread, &local_error)); if (!local_error) { result->next = g_thread_all_threads; g_thread_all_threads = result; } G_UNLOCK (g_thread); if (local_error) { g_propagate_error (error, local_error); g_free (result); return NULL; } return (GThread*) result; } /** * g_thread_exit: * @retval: the return value of this thread. * * Exits the current thread. If another thread is waiting for that * thread using g_thread_join() and the current thread is joinable, the * waiting thread will be woken up and get @retval as the return value * of g_thread_join(). If the current thread is not joinable, @retval * is ignored. Calling * * * * g_thread_exit (retval); * * * * is equivalent to returning @retval from the function @func, as given * to g_thread_create(). * * Never call g_thread_exit() from within a thread of a * #GThreadPool, as that will mess up the bookkeeping and lead to funny * and unwanted results. **/ void g_thread_exit (gpointer retval) { GRealThread* real = (GRealThread*) g_thread_self (); real->retval = retval; G_THREAD_CF (thread_exit, (void)0, ()); } /** * g_thread_join: * @thread: a #GThread to be waited for. * @Returns: the return value of the thread. * * Waits until @thread finishes, i.e. the function @func, as given to * g_thread_create(), returns or g_thread_exit() is called by @thread. * All resources of @thread including the #GThread struct are released. * @thread must have been created with @joinable=%TRUE in * g_thread_create(). The value returned by @func or given to * g_thread_exit() by @thread is returned by this function. **/ gpointer g_thread_join (GThread* thread) { GRealThread* real = (GRealThread*) thread; GRealThread *p, *t; gpointer retval; g_return_val_if_fail (thread, NULL); g_return_val_if_fail (thread->joinable, NULL); g_return_val_if_fail (!g_system_thread_equal (real->system_thread, zero_thread), NULL); G_THREAD_UF (thread_join, (&real->system_thread)); retval = real->retval; G_LOCK (g_thread); for (t = g_thread_all_threads, p = NULL; t; p = t, t = t->next) { if (t == (GRealThread*) thread) { if (p) p->next = t->next; else g_thread_all_threads = t->next; break; } } G_UNLOCK (g_thread); /* Just to make sure, this isn't used any more */ thread->joinable = 0; g_system_thread_assign (real->system_thread, zero_thread); /* the thread structure for non-joinable threads is freed upon thread end. We free the memory here. This will leave a loose end, if a joinable thread is not joined. */ g_free (thread); return retval; } /** * g_thread_set_priority: * @thread: a #GThread. * @priority: a new priority for @thread. * * Changes the priority of @thread to @priority. * * It is not guaranteed that threads with different * priorities really behave accordingly. On some systems (e.g. Linux) * there are no thread priorities. On other systems (e.g. Solaris) there * doesn't seem to be different scheduling for different priorities. All * in all try to avoid being dependent on priorities. **/ void g_thread_set_priority (GThread* thread, GThreadPriority priority) { GRealThread* real = (GRealThread*) thread; g_return_if_fail (thread); g_return_if_fail (!g_system_thread_equal (real->system_thread, zero_thread)); g_return_if_fail (priority >= G_THREAD_PRIORITY_LOW); g_return_if_fail (priority <= G_THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT); thread->priority = priority; G_THREAD_CF (thread_set_priority, (void)0, (&real->system_thread, priority)); } /** * g_thread_self: * @Returns: the current thread. * * This functions returns the #GThread corresponding to the calling * thread. **/ GThread* g_thread_self (void) { GRealThread* thread = g_private_get (g_thread_specific_private); if (!thread) { /* If no thread data is available, provide and set one. This can happen for the main thread and for threads, that are not created by GLib. */ thread = g_new0 (GRealThread, 1); thread->thread.joinable = FALSE; /* This is a save guess */ thread->thread.priority = G_THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL; /* This is just a guess */ thread->thread.func = NULL; thread->thread.data = NULL; thread->private_data = NULL; if (g_thread_supported ()) G_THREAD_UF (thread_self, (&thread->system_thread)); g_private_set (g_thread_specific_private, thread); G_LOCK (g_thread); thread->next = g_thread_all_threads; g_thread_all_threads = thread; G_UNLOCK (g_thread); } return (GThread*)thread; } /* GStaticRWLock {{{1 ----------------------------------------------------- */ /** * GStaticRWLock: * * The #GStaticRWLock struct represents a read-write lock. A read-write * lock can be used for protecting data that some portions of code only * read from, while others also write. In such situations it is * desirable that several readers can read at once, whereas of course * only one writer may write at a time. Take a look at the following * example: * * * An array with access functions * * GStaticRWLock rwlock = G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT; * GPtrArray *array; * * gpointer * my_array_get (guint index) * { * gpointer retval = NULL; * * if (!array) * return NULL; * * g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock (&rwlock); * if (index < array->len) * retval = g_ptr_array_index (array, index); * g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock (&rwlock); * * return retval; * } * * void * my_array_set (guint index, gpointer data) * { * g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock (&rwlock); * * if (!array) * array = g_ptr_array_new (); * * if (index >= array->len) * g_ptr_array_set_size (array, index+1); * g_ptr_array_index (array, index) = data; * * g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock (&rwlock); * } * * * * This example shows an array which can be accessed by many readers * (the my_array_get() function) simultaneously, * whereas the writers (the my_array_set() * function) will only be allowed once at a time and only if no readers * currently access the array. This is because of the potentially * dangerous resizing of the array. Using these functions is fully * multi-thread safe now. * * Most of the time, writers should have precedence over readers. That * means, for this implementation, that as soon as a writer wants to * lock the data, no other reader is allowed to lock the data, whereas, * of course, the readers that already have locked the data are allowed * to finish their operation. As soon as the last reader unlocks the * data, the writer will lock it. * * Even though #GStaticRWLock is not opaque, it should only be used * with the following functions. * * All of the g_static_rw_lock_* functions can be * used even if g_thread_init() has not been called. Then they do * nothing, apart from g_static_rw_lock_*_trylock, * which does nothing but returning %TRUE. * * A read-write lock has a higher overhead than a mutex. For * example, both g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock() and * g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock() have to lock and unlock a * #GStaticMutex, so it takes at least twice the time to lock and unlock * a #GStaticRWLock that it does to lock and unlock a #GStaticMutex. So * only data structures that are accessed by multiple readers, and which * keep the lock for a considerable time justify a #GStaticRWLock. The * above example most probably would fare better with a * #GStaticMutex. **/ /** * G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT: * * A #GStaticRWLock must be initialized with this macro before it can * be used. This macro can used be to initialize a variable, but it * cannot be assigned to a variable. In that case you have to use * g_static_rw_lock_init(). * * * * GStaticRWLock my_lock = G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT; * * **/ /** * g_static_rw_lock_init: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to be initialized. * * A #GStaticRWLock must be initialized with this function before it * can be used. Alternatively you can initialize it with * #G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT. **/ void g_static_rw_lock_init (GStaticRWLock* lock) { static const GStaticRWLock init_lock = G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT; g_return_if_fail (lock); *lock = init_lock; } inline static void g_static_rw_lock_wait (GCond** cond, GStaticMutex* mutex) { if (!*cond) *cond = g_cond_new (); g_cond_wait (*cond, g_static_mutex_get_mutex (mutex)); } inline static void g_static_rw_lock_signal (GStaticRWLock* lock) { if (lock->want_to_write && lock->write_cond) g_cond_signal (lock->write_cond); else if (lock->want_to_read && lock->read_cond) g_cond_broadcast (lock->read_cond); } /** * g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to lock for reading. * * Locks @lock for reading. There may be unlimited concurrent locks for * reading of a #GStaticRWLock at the same time. If @lock is already * locked for writing by another thread or if another thread is already * waiting to lock @lock for writing, this function will block until * @lock is unlocked by the other writing thread and no other writing * threads want to lock @lock. This lock has to be unlocked by * g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock(). * * #GStaticRWLock is not recursive. It might seem to be possible to * recursively lock for reading, but that can result in a deadlock, due * to writer preference. **/ void g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { g_return_if_fail (lock); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); lock->want_to_read++; while (lock->have_writer || lock->want_to_write) g_static_rw_lock_wait (&lock->read_cond, &lock->mutex); lock->want_to_read--; lock->read_counter++; g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); } /** * g_static_rw_lock_reader_trylock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to lock for reading. * @Returns: %TRUE, if @lock could be locked for reading. * * Tries to lock @lock for reading. If @lock is already locked for * writing by another thread or if another thread is already waiting to * lock @lock for writing, immediately returns %FALSE. Otherwise locks * @lock for reading and returns %TRUE. This lock has to be unlocked by * g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock(). **/ gboolean g_static_rw_lock_reader_trylock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { gboolean ret_val = FALSE; g_return_val_if_fail (lock, FALSE); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return TRUE; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); if (!lock->have_writer && !lock->want_to_write) { lock->read_counter++; ret_val = TRUE; } g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); return ret_val; } /** * g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to unlock after reading. * * Unlocks @lock. If a thread waits to lock @lock for writing and all * locks for reading have been unlocked, the waiting thread is woken up * and can lock @lock for writing. **/ void g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { g_return_if_fail (lock); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); lock->read_counter--; if (lock->read_counter == 0) g_static_rw_lock_signal (lock); g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); } /** * g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to lock for writing. * * Locks @lock for writing. If @lock is already locked for writing or * reading by other threads, this function will block until @lock is * completely unlocked and then lock @lock for writing. While this * functions waits to lock @lock, no other thread can lock @lock for * reading. When @lock is locked for writing, no other thread can lock * @lock (neither for reading nor writing). This lock has to be * unlocked by g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(). **/ void g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { g_return_if_fail (lock); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); lock->want_to_write++; while (lock->have_writer || lock->read_counter) g_static_rw_lock_wait (&lock->write_cond, &lock->mutex); lock->want_to_write--; lock->have_writer = TRUE; g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); } /** * g_static_rw_lock_writer_trylock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to lock for writing. * @Returns: %TRUE, if @lock could be locked for writing. * * Tries to lock @lock for writing. If @lock is already locked (for * either reading or writing) by another thread, it immediately returns * %FALSE. Otherwise it locks @lock for writing and returns %TRUE. This * lock has to be unlocked by g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(). **/ gboolean g_static_rw_lock_writer_trylock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { gboolean ret_val = FALSE; g_return_val_if_fail (lock, FALSE); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return TRUE; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); if (!lock->have_writer && !lock->read_counter) { lock->have_writer = TRUE; ret_val = TRUE; } g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); return ret_val; } /** * g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to unlock after writing. * * Unlocks @lock. If a thread is waiting to lock @lock for writing and * all locks for reading have been unlocked, the waiting thread is * woken up and can lock @lock for writing. If no thread is waiting to * lock @lock for writing, and some thread or threads are waiting to * lock @lock for reading, the waiting threads are woken up and can * lock @lock for reading. **/ void g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock (GStaticRWLock* lock) { g_return_if_fail (lock); if (!g_threads_got_initialized) return; g_static_mutex_lock (&lock->mutex); lock->have_writer = FALSE; g_static_rw_lock_signal (lock); g_static_mutex_unlock (&lock->mutex); } /** * g_static_rw_lock_free: * @lock: a #GStaticRWLock to be freed. * * Releases all resources allocated to @lock. * * You don't have to call this functions for a #GStaticRWLock with an * unbounded lifetime, i.e. objects declared 'static', but if you have * a #GStaticRWLock as a member of a structure, and the structure is * freed, you should also free the #GStaticRWLock. **/ void g_static_rw_lock_free (GStaticRWLock* lock) { g_return_if_fail (lock); if (lock->read_cond) { g_cond_free (lock->read_cond); lock->read_cond = NULL; } if (lock->write_cond) { g_cond_free (lock->write_cond); lock->write_cond = NULL; } g_static_mutex_free (&lock->mutex); } /* Unsorted {{{1 ---------------------------------------------------------- */ /** * g_thread_foreach * @thread_func: function to call for all GThread structures * @user_data: second argument to @thread_func * * Call @thread_func on all existing #GThread structures. Note that * threads may decide to exit while @thread_func is running, so * without intimate knowledge about the lifetime of foreign threads, * @thread_func shouldn't access the GThread* pointer passed in as * first argument. However, @thread_func will not be called for threads * which are known to have exited already. * * Due to thread lifetime checks, this function has an execution complexity * which is quadratic in the number of existing threads. * * Since: 2.10 */ void g_thread_foreach (GFunc thread_func, gpointer user_data) { GSList *slist = NULL; GRealThread *thread; g_return_if_fail (thread_func != NULL); /* snapshot the list of threads for iteration */ G_LOCK (g_thread); for (thread = g_thread_all_threads; thread; thread = thread->next) slist = g_slist_prepend (slist, thread); G_UNLOCK (g_thread); /* walk the list, skipping non-existent threads */ while (slist) { GSList *node = slist; slist = node->next; /* check whether the current thread still exists */ G_LOCK (g_thread); for (thread = g_thread_all_threads; thread; thread = thread->next) if (thread == node->data) break; G_UNLOCK (g_thread); if (thread) thread_func (thread, user_data); g_slist_free_1 (node); } } /** * g_thread_get_initialized * * Indicates if g_thread_init() has been called. * * Returns: %TRUE if threads have been initialized. * * Since: 2.20 */ gboolean g_thread_get_initialized () { return g_thread_supported (); }