window: Implement asynchronous popup moving

This commits adds support on the MetaWindow and constraints engine side
for asynchronously repositioning a window with a placement rule, either
due to environmental changes (e.g. parent moved) or explicitly done so
via `meta_window_update_placement_rule()`.

This is so far unused, as placement rules where this functionality is
triggered are not yet constructed by the xdg-shell implementation, and
no users of `meta_window_update_placement_rule()` exists yet.

To summarize, it works by making it possible to produce placement rules
with the parent rectangle a window should be placed against, while
creating a pending configuration that is not applied until acknowledged
by the client using the xdg-shell configure/ack_configure mechanisms.

An "temporary" constrain result is added to deal with situations
where the client window *must* move immediately even though it has not yet
acknowledged a new configuration that was sent. This happens for example
when the parent window is moved, causing the popup window to change its
relative position e.g. because it ended up partially off-screen. In this
situation, the temporary position corresponds to the result of the
movement of the parent, while the pending (asynchronously configured)
position is the relative one given the new constraining result.

https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/merge_requests/705

src/core/constraints.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ void meta_window_constrain (MetaWindow          *window,
                             MetaGravity          resize_gravity,
                             const MetaRectangle *orig,
                             MetaRectangle       *new,
+                            MetaRectangle       *intermediate,
                             int                 *rel_x,
                             int                 *rel_y);