doc: Add monitor configuration documentation

This describes how the `monitors.xml` file work, and how to override the
newly introduced configurable policy.

Part-of: <https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/-/merge_requests/2030>

doc/monitor-configuration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+Monitor configuration
+=====================
+
+File locations
+--------------
+
+Monitor configurations are stored as XML files called `monitors.xml` on the file
+system. There are two types of locations for the XML file: the system level and
+the user level.
+
+The directories for system level configuration is defined in accordance to the
+$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS environment variable defined in the XDG Base Directory
+Specification. The default is `/etc/xdg/monitors.xml`.
+
+The directory for the user level configuration is defined in accordance to the
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable defined in the XDG Base Directory
+Specification. The default is `~/.config/monitors.xml`
+
+File contents
+-------------
+
+A configuration file consists of an XML document with the root element
+`<monitors version="2">`. In this document multiple configurations are stored as
+individual `<configuration/>` elements containing all the details of the monitor
+setup. The `version` attribute must be set to `"2"`.
+
+Each configuration corresponds to a specific hardware setup, where a given set
+of monitors are connected to the computer. There can only be one configuration
+per hardware setup.
+
+Writing configuration
+---------------------
+
+Monitor configurations are managed by Mutter via the Display panel in Settings,
+which uses a D-Bus API to communicate with Mutter. Each time a new configuration
+is applied and accepted, the user level configuration file is replaced with
+updated content.
+
+Previously defined monitor configurations for hardware state other than the
+current are left intact.
+
+Configuration policy
+--------------------
+
+The monitor configuration policy determines how Mutter configures monitors. This
+can mean for example in what order configuration files should be preferred, or
+whether configuration via Settings (i.e. D-Bus) should be allowed.
+
+The default policy is to prioritize configurations defined in the user level
+configuration file, and to allow configuring via D-Bus.
+
+Changing the policy is possible by manually adding a `<policy/>` element inside
+the `<monitors version="2"/>` element in the `monitors.xml` file. Note that
+there may only be one `<policy/>` element in each configuration file.
+
+### Changing configuration file priority policy
+
+To change the order of configuration file priority, or to disable configuration
+files completely, add a `<stores/>` element inside the `<policy/>` element
+described above.
+
+In this element, the file policy is defined by a `<stores/>` element, which
+lists stores with the order according to prioritization. Each store is specified
+using a `<store/>` element with either `system` or `user` as the content.
+
+#### Example of only reading monitor configuration from the system level file:
+
+```xml
+<monitors version="2">
+  <policy>
+    <stores>
+      <store>system</store>
+    </stores>
+  </policy>
+</monitors>
+```
+
+#### Example of reversing the priority of monitor configuration:
+
+```xml
+<monitors version="2">
+  <policy>
+    <stores>
+      <store>user</store>
+      <store>system</store>
+    </stores>
+  </policy>
+</monitors>
+```
+
+### Changing D-Bus configuration policy
+
+D-Bus configureability can be configured using a `<dbus/>` element in the
+`<policy/>` element. It's content should either be `yes` or `no` depending on
+whether monitor configuration via D-Bus should be enabled or disable.
+
+#### Example of how to disable monitor configuration via D-Bus:
+
+```xml
+<monitors version="2">
+  <policy>
+    <dbus>no</dbus>
+  </policy>
+</monitors>
+```