mutter/src/core/stack.c

/* -*- mode: C; c-file-style: "gnu"; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- */

/* Metacity Window Stack */

/* 
 * Copyright (C) 2001 Havoc Pennington
 * Copyright (C) 2002, 2003 Red Hat, Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Rob Adams
 * Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Elijah Newren
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 * 02111-1307, USA.
 */

#include <config.h>
#include "stack.h"
#include "window-private.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "frame-private.h"
#include "group.h"
#include "prefs.h"
#include "workspace.h"

#include <X11/Xatom.h>

#define WINDOW_HAS_TRANSIENT_TYPE(w)                    \
          (w->type == META_WINDOW_DIALOG ||             \
	   w->type == META_WINDOW_MODAL_DIALOG ||       \
           w->type == META_WINDOW_TOOLBAR ||            \
           w->type == META_WINDOW_MENU ||               \
           w->type == META_WINDOW_UTILITY)

#define WINDOW_TRANSIENT_FOR_WHOLE_GROUP(w)             \
         ((w->xtransient_for == None ||                 \
           w->transient_parent_is_root_window) &&       \
          WINDOW_HAS_TRANSIENT_TYPE (w))

#define WINDOW_IN_STACK(w) (w->stack_position >= 0)

static void meta_stack_sync_to_server (MetaStack *stack);
static void meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (MetaWindow *window,
                                                    int         position);

MetaStack*
meta_stack_new (MetaScreen *screen)
{
  MetaStack *stack;
  
  stack = g_new (MetaStack, 1);

  stack->screen = screen;
  stack->windows = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (Window));

  stack->sorted = NULL;
  stack->added = NULL;
  stack->removed = NULL;

  stack->freeze_count = 0;
  stack->last_root_children_stacked = NULL;

  stack->n_positions = 0;

  stack->need_resort = FALSE;
  stack->need_relayer = FALSE;
  stack->need_constrain = FALSE;
  
  return stack;
}

void
meta_stack_free (MetaStack *stack)
{
  g_array_free (stack->windows, TRUE);

  g_list_free (stack->sorted);
  g_list_free (stack->added);
  g_list_free (stack->removed);

  if (stack->last_root_children_stacked)
    g_array_free (stack->last_root_children_stacked, TRUE);
  
  g_free (stack);
}

void
meta_stack_add (MetaStack  *stack,
                MetaWindow *window)
{
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Adding window %s to the stack\n", window->desc);

  if (window->stack_position >= 0)
    meta_bug ("Window %s had stack position already\n", window->desc);
  
  stack->added = g_list_prepend (stack->added, window);

  window->stack_position = stack->n_positions;
  stack->n_positions += 1;
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
              "Window %s has stack_position initialized to %d\n",
              window->desc, window->stack_position);
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

void
meta_stack_remove (MetaStack  *stack,
                   MetaWindow *window)
{
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Removing window %s from the stack\n", window->desc);

  if (window->stack_position < 0)
    meta_bug ("Window %s removed from stack but had no stack position\n",
              window->desc);

  /* Set window to top position, so removing it will not leave gaps
   * in the set of positions
   */
  meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (window,
                                          stack->n_positions - 1);
  window->stack_position = -1;
  stack->n_positions -= 1;  

  /* We don't know if it's been moved from "added" to "stack" yet */
  stack->added = g_list_remove (stack->added, window);
  stack->sorted = g_list_remove (stack->sorted, window);

  /* Remember the window ID to remove it from the stack array */
  stack->removed = g_list_prepend (stack->removed, (void*) window->xwindow);
  if (window->frame)
    stack->removed = g_list_prepend (stack->removed, (void*) window->frame->xwindow);
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

void
meta_stack_update_layer (MetaStack  *stack,
                         MetaWindow *window)
{
  stack->need_relayer = TRUE;
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

void
meta_stack_update_transient (MetaStack  *stack,
                             MetaWindow *window)
{
  stack->need_constrain = TRUE;
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

/* raise/lower within a layer */
void
meta_stack_raise (MetaStack  *stack,
                  MetaWindow *window)
{  
  meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (window,
                                          stack->n_positions - 1);
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

void
meta_stack_lower (MetaStack  *stack,
                  MetaWindow *window)
{
  meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (window, 0);
  
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

/* Prevent syncing to server until thaw */
void
meta_stack_freeze (MetaStack *stack)
{
  stack->freeze_count += 1;
}

void
meta_stack_thaw (MetaStack *stack)
{
  g_return_if_fail (stack->freeze_count > 0);
  
  stack->freeze_count -= 1;
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

static gboolean
is_focused_foreach (MetaWindow *window,
                    void       *data)
{
  if (window == window->display->expected_focus_window)
    {
      *((gboolean*) data) = TRUE;
      return FALSE;
    }
  return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
windows_on_different_xinerama (MetaWindow *a,
                               MetaWindow *b)
{
  if (a->screen != b->screen)
    return TRUE;

  return meta_screen_get_xinerama_for_window (a->screen, a) !=
    meta_screen_get_xinerama_for_window (b->screen, b);
}

/* Get layer ignoring any transient or group relationships */
static MetaStackLayer
get_standalone_layer (MetaWindow *window)
{
  MetaStackLayer layer;
  gboolean focused_transient = FALSE;
  
  switch (window->type)
    {
    case META_WINDOW_DESKTOP:
      layer = META_LAYER_DESKTOP;
      break;

    case META_WINDOW_DOCK:
      /* still experimenting here */
      if (window->wm_state_below)
        layer = META_LAYER_BOTTOM;
      else
        layer = META_LAYER_DOCK;
      break;

    default:       
      meta_window_foreach_transient (window,
                                     is_focused_foreach,
                                     &focused_transient);

      if (window->wm_state_below)
        layer = META_LAYER_BOTTOM;
      else if (window->fullscreen &&
               (focused_transient ||
                window == window->display->expected_focus_window ||
                window->display->expected_focus_window == NULL ||
                (window->display->expected_focus_window != NULL &&
                 windows_on_different_xinerama (window,
                                                window->display->expected_focus_window))))
        layer = META_LAYER_FULLSCREEN;
      else if (window->wm_state_above)
        layer = META_LAYER_TOP;
      else
        layer = META_LAYER_NORMAL;
      break;
    }

  return layer;
}

/* Note that this function can never use window->layer only
 * get_standalone_layer, or we'd have issues.
 */
static MetaStackLayer
get_maximum_layer_in_group (MetaWindow *window)
{
  GSList *members;
  MetaGroup *group;
  GSList *tmp;
  MetaStackLayer max;
  MetaStackLayer layer;
  
  max = META_LAYER_DESKTOP;
  
  group = meta_window_get_group (window);

  if (group != NULL)
    members = meta_group_list_windows (group);
  else
    members = NULL;
  
  tmp = members;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      MetaWindow *w = tmp->data;

      layer = get_standalone_layer (w);
      if (layer > max)
        max = layer;
      
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }

  g_slist_free (members);
  
  return max;
}

static void
compute_layer (MetaWindow *window)
{
  window->layer = get_standalone_layer (window);
  
  /* We can only do promotion-due-to-group for dialogs and other
   * transients, or weird stuff happens like the desktop window and
   * nautilus windows getting in the same layer, or all gnome-terminal
   * windows getting in fullscreen layer if any terminal is
   * fullscreen.
   */
  if (WINDOW_HAS_TRANSIENT_TYPE(window) &&
      (window->xtransient_for == None ||
       window->transient_parent_is_root_window))
    {
      /* We only do the group thing if the dialog is NOT transient for
       * a particular window. Imagine a group with a normal window, a dock,
       * and a dialog transient for the normal window; you don't want the dialog
       * above the dock if it wouldn't normally be.
       */
      
      MetaStackLayer group_max;
      
      group_max = get_maximum_layer_in_group (window);
      
      if (group_max > window->layer)
        {
          meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                      "Promoting window %s from layer %u to %u due to group membership\n",
                      window->desc, window->layer, group_max);
          window->layer = group_max;
        }
    }

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Window %s on layer %u type = %u has_focus = %d\n",
              window->desc, window->layer,
              window->type, window->has_focus);
}

/* Front of the layer list is the topmost window,
 * so the lower stack position is later in the list
 */
static int
compare_window_position (void *a,
                         void *b)
{
  MetaWindow *window_a = a;
  MetaWindow *window_b = b;

  /* Go by layer, then stack_position */
  if (window_a->layer < window_b->layer)
    return 1; /* move window_a later in list */
  else if (window_a->layer > window_b->layer)
    return -1;
  else if (window_a->stack_position < window_b->stack_position)
    return 1; /* move window_a later in list */
  else if (window_a->stack_position > window_b->stack_position)
    return -1;
  else
    return 0; /* not reached */
}
  
/*
 * Stacking constraints
 * 
 * Assume constraints of the form "AB" meaning "window A must be
 * below window B"
 *
 * If we have windows stacked from bottom to top
 * "ABC" then raise A we get "BCA". Say C is
 * transient for B is transient for A. So
 * we have constraints AB and BC.
 *
 * After raising A, we need to reapply the constraints.
 * If we do this by raising one window at a time -
 *
 *  start:    BCA
 *  apply AB: CAB
 *  apply BC: ABC
 *
 * but apply constraints in the wrong order and it breaks:
 * 
 *  start:    BCA
 *  apply BC: BCA
 *  apply AB: CAB
 *
 * We make a directed graph of the constraints by linking
 * from "above windows" to "below windows as follows:
 * 
 *   AB -> BC -> CD
 *          \
 *           CE
 *
 * If we then walk that graph and apply the constraints in the order
 * that they appear, we will apply them correctly. Note that the
 * graph MAY have cycles, so we have to guard against that.
 *
 */

typedef struct Constraint Constraint;

struct Constraint
{
  MetaWindow *above;
  MetaWindow *below;

  /* used to keep the constraint in the
   * list of constraints for window "below"
   */
  Constraint *next;

  /* used to create the graph. */
  GSList *next_nodes;
  
  /* constraint has been applied, used
   * to detect cycles.
   */
  unsigned int applied : 1;

  /* constraint has a previous node in the graph,
   * used to find places to start in the graph.
   * (I think this also has the side effect
   * of preventing cycles, since cycles will
   * have no starting point - so maybe
   * the "applied" flag isn't needed.)
   */
  unsigned int has_prev : 1;
};

/* We index the array of constraints by window
 * stack positions, just because the stack
 * positions are a convenient index.
 */
static void
add_constraint (Constraint **constraints,
                MetaWindow  *above,
                MetaWindow  *below)
{
  Constraint *c;

  g_assert (above->screen == below->screen);
  
  /* check if constraint is a duplicate */
  c = constraints[below->stack_position];
  while (c != NULL)
    {
      if (c->above == above)
        return;
      c = c->next;
    }

  /* if not, add the constraint */
  c = g_new (Constraint, 1);
  c->above = above;
  c->below = below;
  c->next = constraints[below->stack_position];
  c->next_nodes = NULL;
  c->applied = FALSE;
  c->has_prev = FALSE;

  constraints[below->stack_position] = c;
}

static void
create_constraints (Constraint **constraints,
                    GList       *windows)
{
  GList *tmp;
  
  tmp = windows;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      MetaWindow *w = tmp->data;

      if (!WINDOW_IN_STACK (w))
        {
          meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Window %s not in the stack, not constraining it\n",
                      w->desc);
          tmp = tmp->next;
          continue;
        }
      
      if (WINDOW_TRANSIENT_FOR_WHOLE_GROUP (w))
        {
          GSList *group_windows;
          GSList *tmp2;
          MetaGroup *group;

          group = meta_window_get_group (w);

          if (group != NULL)
            group_windows = meta_group_list_windows (group);
          else
            group_windows = NULL;
          
          tmp2 = group_windows;
          
          while (tmp2 != NULL)
            {
              MetaWindow *group_window = tmp2->data;

              if (!WINDOW_IN_STACK (group_window) ||
                  w->screen != group_window->screen)
                {
                  tmp2 = tmp2->next;
                  continue;
                }
              
#if 0
              /* old way of doing it */
              if (!(meta_window_is_ancestor_of_transient (w, group_window)) &&
                  !WINDOW_TRANSIENT_FOR_WHOLE_GROUP (group_window))  /* note */;/*note*/
#else
              /* better way I think, so transient-for-group are constrained
               * only above non-transient-type windows in their group
               */
              if (!WINDOW_HAS_TRANSIENT_TYPE (group_window))
#endif
                {
                  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Constraining %s above %s as it's transient for its group\n",
                              w->desc, group_window->desc);
                  add_constraint (constraints, w, group_window);
                }
              
              tmp2 = tmp2->next;
            }

          g_slist_free (group_windows);
        }
      else if (w->xtransient_for != None &&
               !w->transient_parent_is_root_window)
        {
          MetaWindow *parent;
          
          parent =
            meta_display_lookup_x_window (w->display, w->xtransient_for);

          if (parent && WINDOW_IN_STACK (parent) &&
              parent->screen == w->screen)
            {
              meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Constraining %s above %s due to transiency\n",
                          w->desc, parent->desc);
              add_constraint (constraints, w, parent);
            }
        }
      
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }
}

static void
graph_constraints (Constraint **constraints,
                   int          n_constraints)
{
  int i;

  i = 0;
  while (i < n_constraints)
    {
      Constraint *c;

      /* If we have "A below B" and "B below C" then AB -> BC so we
       * add BC to next_nodes in AB.
       */
      
      c = constraints[i];
      while (c != NULL)
        {
          Constraint *n;
            
          g_assert (c->below->stack_position == i);

          /* Constraints where ->above is below are our
           * next_nodes and we are their previous
           */
          n = constraints[c->above->stack_position];
          while (n != NULL)
            {
              c->next_nodes = g_slist_prepend (c->next_nodes,
                                               n);
              /* c is a previous node of n */
              n->has_prev = TRUE;
              
              n = n->next;
            }
          
          c = c->next;
        }

      ++i;
    }
}

static void
free_constraints (Constraint **constraints,
                  int          n_constraints)
{
  int i;

  i = 0;
  while (i < n_constraints)
    {
      Constraint *c;
      
      c = constraints[i];
      while (c != NULL)
        {
          Constraint *next = c->next;
          
          g_slist_free (c->next_nodes);

          g_free (c);
          
          c = next;
        }

      ++i;
    }
}

static void
ensure_above (MetaWindow *above,
              MetaWindow *below)
{  
  if (WINDOW_HAS_TRANSIENT_TYPE(above) &&
      above->layer < below->layer)
    {
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
		  "Promoting window %s from layer %u to %u due to contraint\n",
		  above->desc, above->layer, below->layer);
      above->layer = below->layer;
    }

  if (above->stack_position < below->stack_position)
    {
      /* move above to below->stack_position bumping below down the stack */
      meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (above, below->stack_position);
      g_assert (below->stack_position + 1 == above->stack_position);
    }
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "%s above at %d > %s below at %d\n",
              above->desc, above->stack_position,
              below->desc, below->stack_position);
}

static void
traverse_constraint (Constraint *c)
{
  GSList *tmp;

  if (c->applied)
    return;
  
  ensure_above (c->above, c->below);
  c->applied = TRUE;
  
  tmp = c->next_nodes;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      traverse_constraint (tmp->data);

      tmp = tmp->next;
    }
}

static void
apply_constraints (Constraint **constraints,
                   int          n_constraints)
{
  GSList *heads;
  GSList *tmp;
  int i;

  /* List all heads in an ordered constraint chain */
  heads = NULL;
  i = 0;
  while (i < n_constraints)
    {
      Constraint *c;
      
      c = constraints[i];
      while (c != NULL)
        {
          if (!c->has_prev)
            heads = g_slist_prepend (heads, c);
          
          c = c->next;
        }

      ++i;
    }

  /* Now traverse the chain and apply constraints */
  tmp = heads;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      Constraint *c = tmp->data;

      traverse_constraint (c);
      
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }

  g_slist_free (heads);
}

static void
constrain_stacking (MetaStack *stack)
{
  Constraint **constraints;

  /* It'd be nice if this were all faster, probably */
  
  if (!stack->need_constrain)
    return;

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
              "Reapplying constraints\n");

  constraints = g_new0 (Constraint*,
                        stack->n_positions);

  create_constraints (constraints, stack->sorted);

  graph_constraints (constraints, stack->n_positions);

  apply_constraints (constraints, stack->n_positions);
  
  free_constraints (constraints, stack->n_positions);
  g_free (constraints);
  
  stack->need_constrain = FALSE;
}

static void
meta_stack_ensure_sorted (MetaStack *stack)
{
  GList *tmp;
  int i;
  int n_added;

  /* Note that the additions, relayers, reconstrains
   * may all set need_resort to TRUE
   */
  
  /* Do removals before adds, with paranoid idea that we might re-add
   * the same window IDs.
   */
  tmp = stack->removed;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      Window xwindow;

      xwindow = (unsigned long) tmp->data;

      /* We go from the end figuring removals are more
       * likely to be recent.
       */
      i = stack->windows->len;
      while (i > 0)
        {
          --i;
          
          /* there's no guarantee we'll actually find windows to
           * remove, e.g. the same xwindow could have been
           * added/removed before we ever synced, and we put
           * both the window->xwindow and window->frame->xwindow
           * in the removal list.
           */
          if (xwindow == g_array_index (stack->windows, Window, i))
            {
              g_array_remove_index (stack->windows, i);
              goto next;
            }
        }

    next:
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }

  g_list_free (stack->removed);
  stack->removed = NULL;  
  
  n_added = g_list_length (stack->added);
  if (n_added > 0)
    {
      Window *end;
      int old_size;

      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                  "Adding %d windows to sorted list\n",
                  n_added);
      
      old_size = stack->windows->len;
      g_array_set_size (stack->windows, old_size + n_added);
      
      end = &g_array_index (stack->windows, Window, old_size);

      /* stack->added has the most recent additions at the
       * front of the list, so we need to reverse it
       */
      stack->added = g_list_reverse (stack->added);
      
      i = 0;
      tmp = stack->added;
      while (tmp != NULL)
        {
          MetaWindow *w;
          
          w = tmp->data;
          
          end[i] = w->xwindow;

          /* add to the main list */
          stack->sorted = g_list_prepend (stack->sorted, w);
          
          ++i;
          tmp = tmp->next;
        }
      
      stack->need_resort = TRUE; /* may not be needed as we add to top */
      stack->need_constrain = TRUE;
      stack->need_relayer = TRUE;
    }

  g_list_free (stack->added);
  stack->added = NULL;

  /* Update the layers that windows are in */
  if (stack->need_relayer)
    {
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                  "Recomputing layers\n");
      
      tmp = stack->sorted;

      while (tmp != NULL)
        {
          MetaWindow *w;
          MetaStackLayer old_layer;

          w = tmp->data;
          old_layer = w->layer;

          compute_layer (w);

          if (w->layer != old_layer)
            {
              meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                          "Window %s moved from layer %u to %u\n",
                          w->desc, old_layer, w->layer);
              
              stack->need_resort = TRUE;
              stack->need_constrain = TRUE;
              /* don't need to constrain as constraining
               * purely operates in terms of stack_position
               * not layer
               */
            }
          
          tmp = tmp->next;
        }

      stack->need_relayer = FALSE;
    }

  /* Update stack_position and layer to reflect transiency
     constraints */
  constrain_stacking (stack);
  
  /* Sort stack->sorted with layers having priority over stack_position
   */

  if (stack->need_resort)
    {
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                  "Sorting stack list\n");
      
      stack->sorted = g_list_sort (stack->sorted, (GCompareFunc) compare_window_position);

      stack->need_resort = FALSE;
    }
}

static void
raise_window_relative_to_managed_windows (MetaScreen *screen,
                                          Window      xwindow)
{
  /* This function is used to avoid raising a window above popup
   * menus and other such things.
   *
   * FIXME This is sort of an expensive function, should probably
   * do something to avoid it. One approach would be to reverse
   * the stacking algorithm to work by placing each window above
   * the others, and start by lowering a window to the bottom
   * (instead of the current way, which works by placing each
   * window below another and starting with a raise)
   */

  Window ignored1, ignored2;
  Window *children;
  unsigned int n_children;
  int i;

  /* Normally XQueryTree() means "must grab server" but here
   * we don't, since we know we won't manage any new windows
   * or restack any windows before using the XQueryTree results.
   */
  
  meta_error_trap_push_with_return (screen->display);
  
  XQueryTree (screen->display->xdisplay,
              screen->xroot,
              &ignored1, &ignored2, &children, &n_children);

  if (meta_error_trap_pop_with_return (screen->display, TRUE) != Success)
    {
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                  "Error querying root children to raise window 0x%lx\n",
                  xwindow);
      return;
    }

  /* Children are in order from bottom to top. We want to
   * find the topmost managed child, then configure
   * our window to be above it.
   */
  i = n_children - 1;
  while (i >= 0)
    {
      if (children[i] == xwindow)
        {
          /* Do nothing. This means we're already the topmost managed
           * window, but it DOES NOT mean we are already just above
           * the topmost managed window. This is important because if
           * an override redirect window is up, and we map a new
           * managed window, the new window is probably above the old
           * popup by default, and we want to push it below that
           * popup. So keep looking for a sibling managed window
           * to be moved below.
           */
        }
      else if (meta_display_lookup_x_window (screen->display,
                                             children[i]) != NULL)
        {
          XWindowChanges changes;
          
          /* children[i] is the topmost managed child */
          meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
                      "Moving 0x%lx above topmost managed child window 0x%lx\n",
                      xwindow, children[i]);

          changes.sibling = children[i];
          changes.stack_mode = Above;

          meta_error_trap_push (screen->display);
          XConfigureWindow (screen->display->xdisplay,
                            xwindow,
                            CWSibling | CWStackMode,
                            &changes);
          meta_error_trap_pop (screen->display, FALSE);

          break;
        }

      --i;
    }

  if (i < 0)
    {
      /* No sibling to use, just lower ourselves to the bottom
       * to be sure we're below any override redirect windows.
       */
      meta_error_trap_push (screen->display);
      XLowerWindow (screen->display->xdisplay,
                    xwindow);
      meta_error_trap_pop (screen->display, FALSE);
    }
  
  if (children)
    XFree (children);
}

static void
meta_stack_sync_to_server (MetaStack *stack)
{
  GArray *stacked;
  GArray *root_children_stacked;
  GList *tmp;
  
  /* Bail out if frozen */
  if (stack->freeze_count > 0)
    return;
  
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Syncing window stack to server\n");  

  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);
  
  /* Create stacked xwindow arrays.
   * Painfully, "stacked" is in bottom-to-top order for the
   * _NET hints, and "root_children_stacked" is in top-to-bottom
   * order for XRestackWindows()
   */
  stacked = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (Window));
  root_children_stacked = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (Window));

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Top to bottom: ");
  meta_push_no_msg_prefix ();
  
  tmp = stack->sorted;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      MetaWindow *w;
      
      w = tmp->data;
      
      /* remember, stacked is in reverse order (bottom to top) */
      g_array_prepend_val (stacked, w->xwindow);
      
      /* build XRestackWindows() array from top to bottom */
      if (w->frame)
        g_array_append_val (root_children_stacked, w->frame->xwindow);
      else
        g_array_append_val (root_children_stacked, w->xwindow);
      
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "%u:%d - %s ", w->layer, w->stack_position, w->desc);
          
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "\n");
  meta_pop_no_msg_prefix ();

  /* All windows should be in some stacking order */
  if (stacked->len != stack->windows->len)
    meta_bug ("%u windows stacked, %u windows exist in stack\n",
              stacked->len, stack->windows->len);
  
  /* Sync to server */

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Restacking %u windows\n",
              root_children_stacked->len);
  
  meta_error_trap_push (stack->screen->display);

  if (stack->last_root_children_stacked == NULL)
    {
      /* Just impose our stack, we don't know the previous state.
       * This involves a ton of circulate requests and may flicker.
       */
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Don't know last stack state, restacking everything\n");

      if (root_children_stacked->len > 0)
        XRestackWindows (stack->screen->display->xdisplay,
                         (Window *) root_children_stacked->data,
                         root_children_stacked->len);
    }
  else if (root_children_stacked->len > 0)
    {
      /* Try to do minimal window moves to get the stack in order */
      /* A point of note: these arrays include frames not client windows,
       * so if a client window has changed frame since last_root_children_stacked
       * was saved, then we may have inefficiency, but I don't think things
       * break...
       */
      const Window *old_stack = (Window *) stack->last_root_children_stacked->data;
      const Window *new_stack = (Window *) root_children_stacked->data;
      const int old_len = stack->last_root_children_stacked->len;
      const int new_len = root_children_stacked->len;
      const Window *oldp = old_stack;
      const Window *newp = new_stack;
      const Window *old_end = old_stack + old_len;
      const Window *new_end = new_stack + new_len;
      Window last_window = None;
      
      while (oldp != old_end &&
             newp != new_end)
        {
          if (*oldp == *newp)
            {
              /* Stacks are the same here, move on */
              ++oldp;
              last_window = *newp;
              ++newp;
            }
          else if (meta_display_lookup_x_window (stack->screen->display,
                                                 *oldp) == NULL)
            {
              /* *oldp is no longer known to us (probably destroyed),
               * so we can just skip it
               */
              ++oldp;
            }
          else
            {
              /* Move *newp below last_window */
              if (last_window == None)
                {
                  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Using window 0x%lx as topmost (but leaving it in-place)\n", *newp);

                  raise_window_relative_to_managed_windows (stack->screen,
                                                            *newp);
                }
              else
                {
                  /* This means that if last_window is dead, but not
                   * *newp, then we fail to restack *newp; but on
                   * unmanaging last_window, we'll fix it up.
                   */
                  
                  XWindowChanges changes;

                  changes.sibling = last_window;
                  changes.stack_mode = Below;

                  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Placing window 0x%lx below 0x%lx\n",
                              *newp, last_window);
                  
                  XConfigureWindow (stack->screen->display->xdisplay,
                                    *newp,
                                    CWSibling | CWStackMode,
                                    &changes);
                }

              last_window = *newp;
              ++newp;
            }
        }

      if (newp != new_end)
        {
          /* Restack remaining windows */
          meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Restacking remaining %d windows\n",
                        (int) (new_end - newp));
          /* We need to include an already-stacked window
           * in the restack call, so we get in the proper position
           * with respect to it.
           */
          if (newp != new_stack)
            --newp;
          XRestackWindows (stack->screen->display->xdisplay,
                           (Window *) newp, new_end - newp);
        }
    }

  meta_error_trap_pop (stack->screen->display, FALSE);
  /* on error, a window was destroyed; it should eventually
   * get removed from the stacking list when we unmanage it
   * and we'll fix stacking at that time.
   */
  
  /* Sync _NET_CLIENT_LIST and _NET_CLIENT_LIST_STACKING */

  XChangeProperty (stack->screen->display->xdisplay,
                   stack->screen->xroot,
                   stack->screen->display->atom__NET_CLIENT_LIST,
                   XA_WINDOW,
                   32, PropModeReplace,
                   (unsigned char *)stack->windows->data,
                   stack->windows->len);
  XChangeProperty (stack->screen->display->xdisplay,
                   stack->screen->xroot,
                   stack->screen->display->atom__NET_CLIENT_LIST_STACKING,
                   XA_WINDOW,
                   32, PropModeReplace,
                   (unsigned char *)stacked->data,
                   stacked->len);

  g_array_free (stacked, TRUE);

  if (stack->last_root_children_stacked)
    g_array_free (stack->last_root_children_stacked, TRUE);
  stack->last_root_children_stacked = root_children_stacked;
  
  /* That was scary... */
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_top (MetaStack *stack)
{
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);

  if (stack->sorted)
    return stack->sorted->data;
  else
    return NULL;
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_bottom (MetaStack  *stack)
{
  GList *link;

  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);

  link = g_list_last (stack->sorted);
  if (link != NULL)
    return link->data;
  else
    return NULL;
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_above (MetaStack      *stack,
                      MetaWindow     *window,
                      gboolean        only_within_layer)
{
  GList *link;
  MetaWindow *above;
  
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);
  
  link = g_list_find (stack->sorted, window);
  if (link == NULL)
    return NULL;
  if (link->prev == NULL)
    return NULL;

  above = link->prev->data;

  if (only_within_layer &&
      above->layer != window->layer)
    return NULL;
  else
    return above;
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_below (MetaStack      *stack,
                      MetaWindow     *window,
                      gboolean        only_within_layer)
{
  GList *link;
  MetaWindow *below;
  
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);

  link = g_list_find (stack->sorted, window);

  if (link == NULL)
    return NULL;
  if (link->next == NULL)
    return NULL;
  
  below = link->next->data;

  if (only_within_layer &&
      below->layer != window->layer)
    return NULL;
  else
    return below;
}

static gboolean
window_contains_point (MetaWindow *window,
                       int         root_x,
                       int         root_y)
{
  MetaRectangle rect;

  meta_window_get_outer_rect (window, &rect);

  return POINT_IN_RECT (root_x, root_y, rect);
}

static MetaWindow*
get_default_focus_window (MetaStack     *stack,
                          MetaWorkspace *workspace,
                          MetaWindow    *not_this_one,
                          gboolean       must_be_at_point,
                          int            root_x,
                          int            root_y)
{
  /* Find the topmost, focusable, mapped, window.
   * not_this_one is being unfocused or going away, so exclude it.
   * Also, prefer to focus transient parent of not_this_one,
   * or top window in same group as not_this_one.
   */

  MetaWindow *topmost_dock;
  MetaWindow *transient_parent;
  MetaWindow *topmost_in_group;
  MetaWindow *topmost_overall;
  MetaGroup *not_this_one_group;
  GList *link;
  
  topmost_dock = NULL;
  transient_parent = NULL;
  topmost_in_group = NULL;
  topmost_overall = NULL;
  if (not_this_one)
    not_this_one_group = meta_window_get_group (not_this_one);
  else
    not_this_one_group = NULL;

  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);

  /* top of this layer is at the front of the list */
  link = stack->sorted;
      
  while (link)
    {
      MetaWindow *window = link->data;

      if (window &&
          window != not_this_one &&
          (window->unmaps_pending == 0) &&
          !window->minimized &&
          (window->input || window->take_focus) &&
          (workspace == NULL ||
           meta_window_located_on_workspace (window, workspace)))
        {
          if (topmost_dock == NULL &&
              window->type == META_WINDOW_DOCK)
            topmost_dock = window;

          if (not_this_one != NULL)
            {
              if (transient_parent == NULL &&
                  not_this_one->xtransient_for != None &&
                  not_this_one->xtransient_for == window->xwindow &&
                  (!must_be_at_point ||
                   window_contains_point (window, root_x, root_y)))
                transient_parent = window;

              if (topmost_in_group == NULL &&
                  not_this_one_group != NULL &&
                  not_this_one_group == meta_window_get_group (window) &&
                  (!must_be_at_point ||
                   window_contains_point (window, root_x, root_y)))
                topmost_in_group = window;
            }

          /* Note that DESKTOP windows can be topmost_overall so
           * we prefer focusing desktop or other windows over
           * focusing dock, even though docks are stacked higher.
           */
          if (topmost_overall == NULL &&
              window->type != META_WINDOW_DOCK &&
              (!must_be_at_point ||
               window_contains_point (window, root_x, root_y)))
            topmost_overall = window;

          /* We could try to bail out early here for efficiency in
           * some cases, but it's just not worth the code.
           */
        }

      link = link->next;
    }

  if (transient_parent)
    return transient_parent;
  else if (topmost_in_group)
    return topmost_in_group;
  else if (topmost_overall)
    return topmost_overall;
  else
    return topmost_dock;
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_default_focus_window_at_point (MetaStack     *stack,
                                              MetaWorkspace *workspace,
                                              MetaWindow    *not_this_one,
                                              int            root_x,
                                              int            root_y)
{
  return get_default_focus_window (stack, workspace, not_this_one,
                                   TRUE, root_x, root_y);
}

MetaWindow*
meta_stack_get_default_focus_window (MetaStack     *stack,
                                     MetaWorkspace *workspace,
                                     MetaWindow    *not_this_one)
{
  return get_default_focus_window (stack, workspace, not_this_one,
                                   FALSE, 0, 0);
}

GList*
meta_stack_list_windows (MetaStack     *stack,
                         MetaWorkspace *workspace)
{
  GList *workspace_windows = NULL;
  GList *link;
  
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack); /* do adds/removes */
  
  link = stack->sorted;
  
  while (link)
    {
      MetaWindow *window = link->data;
      
      if (window &&
          (workspace == NULL || meta_window_located_on_workspace (window, workspace)))
        {
          workspace_windows = g_list_prepend (workspace_windows,
                                              window);
        }
      
      link = link->next;
    }

  return workspace_windows;
}

int
meta_stack_windows_cmp  (MetaStack  *stack,
                         MetaWindow *window_a,
                         MetaWindow *window_b)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (window_a->screen == window_b->screen, 0);

  /* -1 means a below b */

  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack); /* update constraints, layers */
  
  if (window_a->layer < window_b->layer)
    return -1;
  else if (window_a->layer > window_b->layer)
    return 1;
  else if (window_a->stack_position < window_b->stack_position)
    return -1;
  else if (window_a->stack_position > window_b->stack_position)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0; /* not reached */
}

static int
compare_just_window_stack_position (void *a,
                                    void *b)
{
  MetaWindow *window_a = a;
  MetaWindow *window_b = b;

  if (window_a->stack_position < window_b->stack_position)
    return -1; /* move window_a earlier in list */
  else if (window_a->stack_position > window_b->stack_position)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0; /* not reached */
}

GList*
meta_stack_get_positions (MetaStack *stack)
{
  GList *tmp;

  /* Make sure to handle any adds or removes */
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);

  tmp = g_list_copy (stack->sorted);
  tmp = g_list_sort (tmp, (GCompareFunc) compare_just_window_stack_position);

  return tmp;
}

static gint
compare_pointers (gconstpointer a,
                  gconstpointer b)
{
  if (a > b)
    return 1;
  else if (a < b)
    return -1;
  else 
    return 0;
}

static gboolean
lists_contain_same_windows (GList *a,
                            GList *b)
{
  GList *copy1, *copy2;
  GList *tmp1, *tmp2;

  if (g_list_length (a) != g_list_length (b))
    return FALSE;

  tmp1 = copy1 = g_list_sort (g_list_copy (a), compare_pointers);
  tmp2 = copy2 = g_list_sort (g_list_copy (b), compare_pointers);

  while (tmp1 && tmp1->data == tmp2->data)   /* tmp2 is non-NULL if tmp1 is */
    {
      tmp1 = tmp1->next;
      tmp2 = tmp2->next;
    }

  g_list_free (copy1);
  g_list_free (copy2);

  return (tmp1 == NULL);    /* tmp2 is non-NULL if tmp1 is */
}

void
meta_stack_set_positions (MetaStack *stack,
                          GList     *windows)
{
  int i;
  GList *tmp;

  /* Make sure any adds or removes aren't in limbo -- is this needed? */
  meta_stack_ensure_sorted (stack);
  
  if (!lists_contain_same_windows (windows, stack->sorted))
    {
      meta_warning ("This list of windows has somehow changed; not resetting "
                    "positions of the windows.\n");
      return;
    }

  g_list_free (stack->sorted);
  stack->sorted = g_list_copy (windows);

  stack->need_resort = TRUE;
  stack->need_constrain = TRUE;
   
  i = 0;
  tmp = windows;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      MetaWindow *w = tmp->data;
      w->stack_position = i++;
      tmp = tmp->next;
    }
  
  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
              "Reset the stack positions of (nearly) all windows\n");

  meta_stack_sync_to_server (stack);
}

void
meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (MetaWindow *window,
                                        int         position)
{
  int low, high, delta;
  GList *tmp;
  
  g_return_if_fail (window->screen->stack != NULL);
  g_return_if_fail (window->stack_position >= 0);
  g_return_if_fail (position >= 0);
  g_return_if_fail (position < window->screen->stack->n_positions);

  if (position == window->stack_position)
    {
      meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK, "Window %s already has position %d\n",
                  window->desc, position);
      return;
    }

  window->screen->stack->need_resort = TRUE;
  window->screen->stack->need_constrain = TRUE;
  
  if (position < window->stack_position)
    {
      low = position;
      high = window->stack_position - 1;
      delta = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      low = window->stack_position + 1;
      high = position;
      delta = -1;
    }

  tmp = window->screen->stack->sorted;
  while (tmp != NULL)
    {
      MetaWindow *w = tmp->data;

      if (w->stack_position >= low &&
          w->stack_position <= high)
        w->stack_position += delta;

      tmp = tmp->next;
    }
  
  window->stack_position = position;

  meta_topic (META_DEBUG_STACK,
              "Window %s had stack_position set to %d\n",
              window->desc, window->stack_position);
}

void
meta_window_set_stack_position (MetaWindow *window,
                                int         position)
{
  meta_window_set_stack_position_no_sync (window, position);
  meta_stack_sync_to_server (window->screen->stack);
}