1075 lines
55 KiB
XML
1075 lines
55 KiB
XML
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
|
||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
|
||
[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
|
||
|
||
<chapter id='ref-manual-intro'>
|
||
<title>Introduction</title>
|
||
|
||
<section id='ref-welcome'>
|
||
<title>Welcome</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Welcome to the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
||
This manual provides reference information for the current release
|
||
of the Yocto Project.
|
||
This manual is best used after you have an understanding
|
||
of the basics of the Yocto Project.
|
||
The manual is neither meant to be read as a starting point to the
|
||
Yocto Project nor read from start to finish.
|
||
Use this manual to find concepts, variable definitions, class
|
||
descriptions, and so forth as needed during the course of using
|
||
the Yocto Project.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
For introductory information on the Yocto Project, see the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink> and the
|
||
"<link linkend='yp-intro'>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you want to use the Yocto Project to test run building an image
|
||
without having to understand concepts, work through the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
|
||
You can find "how-to" information in the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual</ulink>.
|
||
<note><title>Tip</title>
|
||
For more information about the Yocto Project Documentation set,
|
||
see the
|
||
"<link linkend='resources-links-and-related-documentation'>Links and Related Documentation</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='yp-intro'>
|
||
<title>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project whose
|
||
focus is for developers of embedded Linux systems.
|
||
Among other things, the Yocto Project uses an
|
||
<link linkend='build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded build system</link>.
|
||
The build system, which is based on the OpenEmbedded (OE) project and
|
||
uses the
|
||
<link linkend='bitbake-term'>BitBake</link> tool, constructs complete
|
||
Linux images for architectures based on ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, x86 and
|
||
x86-64.
|
||
<note>
|
||
Historically, the OpenEmbedded build system, which is the
|
||
combination of BitBake and OE components, formed a reference
|
||
build host that was known as
|
||
"<link linkend='poky'>Poky</link>" (<emphasis>Pah</emphasis>-kee).
|
||
The term "Poky", as used throughout the Yocto Project Documentation
|
||
set, can have different meanings.
|
||
</note>
|
||
The Yocto Project provides various ancillary tools for the embedded
|
||
developer and also features the Sato reference User Interface, which
|
||
is optimized for stylus-driven, low-resolution screens.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<mediaobject>
|
||
<imageobject>
|
||
<imagedata fileref="figures/YP-flow-diagram.png"
|
||
format="PNG" align='center' width="8in"/>
|
||
</imageobject>
|
||
</mediaobject>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Here are some highlights for the Yocto Project:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Provides a recent Linux kernel along with a set of system
|
||
commands and libraries suitable for the embedded
|
||
environment.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Makes available system components such as X11, GTK+, Qt,
|
||
Clutter, and SDL (among others) so you can create a rich user
|
||
experience on devices that have display hardware.
|
||
For devices that do not have a display or where you wish to
|
||
use alternative UI frameworks, these components need not be
|
||
installed.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Creates a focused and stable core compatible with the
|
||
OpenEmbedded project with which you can easily and reliably
|
||
build and develop.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Fully supports a wide range of hardware and device emulation
|
||
through the Quick EMUlator (QEMU).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Provides a layer mechanism that allows you to easily extend
|
||
the system, make customizations, and keep them organized.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can use the Yocto Project to generate images for many kinds
|
||
of devices.
|
||
As mentioned earlier, the Yocto Project supports creation of
|
||
reference images that you can boot within and emulate using QEMU.
|
||
The standard example machines target QEMU full-system
|
||
emulation for 32-bit and 64-bit variants of x86, ARM, MIPS, and
|
||
PowerPC architectures.
|
||
Beyond emulation, you can use the layer mechanism to extend
|
||
support to just about any platform that Linux can run on and that
|
||
a toolchain can target.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Another Yocto Project feature is the Sato reference User
|
||
Interface.
|
||
This optional UI that is based on GTK+ is intended for devices with
|
||
restricted screen sizes and is included as part of the
|
||
OpenEmbedded Core layer so that developers can test parts of the
|
||
software stack.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
While the Yocto Project does not provide a strict testing framework,
|
||
it does provide or generate for you artifacts that let you perform
|
||
target-level and emulated testing and debugging.
|
||
Additionally, if you are an
|
||
<trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE user, you can
|
||
install an Eclipse Yocto Plug-in to allow you to develop within that
|
||
familiar environment.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
By default, using the Yocto Project to build an image creates a Poky
|
||
distribution.
|
||
However, you can create your own distribution by providing key
|
||
<link link='metadata'>Metadata</link>.
|
||
A good example is Angstrom, which has had a distribution
|
||
based on the Yocto Project since its inception.
|
||
Other examples include commercial distributions like
|
||
<ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/wind-river-systems'>Wind River Linux</ulink>,
|
||
<ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/mentor-graphics'>Mentor Embedded Linux</ulink>,
|
||
<ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/enea-ab'>ENEA Linux</ulink>
|
||
and <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/ecosystem/member-organizations'>others</ulink>.
|
||
See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-your-own-distribution'>Creating Your Own Distribution</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
|
||
information.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='intro-requirements'>
|
||
<title>System Requirements</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
For general Yocto Project system requirements, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>" section
|
||
in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
|
||
The remainder of this section provides details on system requirements
|
||
not covered in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<section id='detailed-supported-distros'>
|
||
<title>Supported Linux Distributions</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Currently, the Yocto Project is supported on the following
|
||
distributions:
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Yocto Project releases are tested against the stable Linux
|
||
distributions in the following list.
|
||
The Yocto Project should work on other distributions but
|
||
validation is not performed against them.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
In particular, the Yocto Project does not support
|
||
and currently has no plans to support
|
||
rolling-releases or development distributions due to their
|
||
constantly changing nature.
|
||
We welcome patches and bug reports, but keep in mind that
|
||
our priority is on the supported platforms listed below.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you encounter problems, please go to
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>Yocto Project Bugzilla</ulink>
|
||
and submit a bug.
|
||
We are interested in hearing about your experience.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<!--
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 10.04</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 11.10</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 13.10</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.10</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 15.04</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 15.10</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Ubuntu 16.04</para></listitem>
|
||
<!-- <listitem><para>Fedora 16 (Verne)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Fedora 17 (Spherical)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger's Cat)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Fedora release 20 (Heisenbug)</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<listitem><para>Fedora release 22</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Fedora release 23</para></listitem>
|
||
<!-- <listitem><para>Fedora release 24</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 5.6 (Final)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 5.7 (Final)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 5.8 (Final)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 6.3 (Final)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 6.x</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<listitem><para>CentOS release 7.x</para></listitem>
|
||
<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 (Squeeze)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.x (Wheezy)</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 8.x (Jessie)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 9.x (Stretch)</para></listitem>
|
||
<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.2 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.3 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.5 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.6 (Wheezy)</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<!-- <listitem><para>openSUSE 11.4</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.1</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.2</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.3</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 13.1</para></listitem> -->
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 13.2</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>openSUSE 42.1</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
While the Yocto Project Team attempts to ensure all Yocto Project
|
||
releases are one hundred percent compatible with each officially
|
||
supported Linux distribution, instances might exist where you
|
||
encounter a problem while using the Yocto Project on a specific
|
||
distribution.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>
|
||
<title>Required Packages for the Host Development System</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The list of packages you need on the host development system can
|
||
be large when covering all build scenarios using the Yocto Project.
|
||
This section provides required packages according to
|
||
Linux distribution and function.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<section id='ubuntu-packages'>
|
||
<title>Ubuntu and Debian</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The following list shows the required packages by function
|
||
given a supported Ubuntu or Debian Linux distribution:
|
||
<note>
|
||
If your build system has the
|
||
<filename>oss4-dev</filename> package installed, you
|
||
might experience QEMU build failures due to the package
|
||
installing its own custom
|
||
<filename>/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h</filename> on
|
||
the Debian system.
|
||
If you run into this situation, either of the following
|
||
solutions exist:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo apt-get build-dep qemu
|
||
$ sudo apt-get remove oss4-dev
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</note>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed to build an image on a headless
|
||
system:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
|
||
support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
|
||
IDE:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to build out the
|
||
Yocto Project documentation manuals:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install make xsltproc docbook-utils fop dblatex xmlto
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to run
|
||
<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install python-git
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='fedora-packages'>
|
||
<title>Fedora Packages</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The following list shows the required packages by function
|
||
given a supported Fedora Linux distribution:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed to build an image for a headless
|
||
system:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo dnf install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
|
||
support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
|
||
IDE:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo dnf install SDL-devel xterm
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to build out the
|
||
Yocto Project documentation manuals:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo dnf install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
|
||
docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to run
|
||
<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo dnf install python3-GitPython
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='opensuse-packages'>
|
||
<title>openSUSE Packages</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The following list shows the required packages by function
|
||
given a supported openSUSE Linux distribution:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed to build an image for a headless
|
||
system:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
|
||
support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
|
||
IDE:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo zypper install libSDL-devel xterm
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to build out the
|
||
Yocto Project documentation manuals:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo zypper install make dblatex xmlto
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to run
|
||
<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo zypper install python-GitPython
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='centos-packages'>
|
||
<title>CentOS Packages</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The following list shows the required packages by function
|
||
given a supported CentOS Linux distribution:
|
||
<note>
|
||
For CentOS 6.x, some of the versions of the components
|
||
provided by the distribution are too old (e.g. Git, Python,
|
||
and tar).
|
||
It is recommended that you install the buildtools in order
|
||
to provide versions that will work with the OpenEmbedded
|
||
build system.
|
||
For information on how to install the buildtools tarball,
|
||
see the
|
||
"<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, Tar, and Python Versions</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</note>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed to build an image for a headless
|
||
system:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
<note><title>Notes</title>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
|
||
(i.e. <filename>epel-release</filename>)
|
||
is a collection of packages from Fedora
|
||
built on RHEL/CentOS for easy installation
|
||
of packages not included in enterprise
|
||
Linux by default.
|
||
You need to install these packages
|
||
separately.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
The <filename>makecache</filename> command
|
||
consumes additional Metadata from
|
||
<filename>epel-release</filename>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
|
||
support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
|
||
IDE:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to build out the
|
||
Yocto Project documentation manuals:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
|
||
docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
|
||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
|
||
Packages needed if you are going to run
|
||
<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sudo yum install GitPython
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>
|
||
<title>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
In order to use the build system, your host development system
|
||
must meet the following version requirements for Git, tar, and
|
||
Python:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>Git 1.8.3.1 or greater</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>tar 1.27 or greater</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Python 3.4.0 or greater</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If your host development system does not meet all these requirements,
|
||
you can resolve this by installing a <filename>buildtools</filename>
|
||
tarball that contains these tools.
|
||
You can get the tarball one of two ways: download a pre-built
|
||
tarball or use BitBake to build the tarball.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<section id='downloading-a-pre-built-buildtools-tarball'>
|
||
<title>Downloading a Pre-Built <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Downloading and running a pre-built buildtools installer is
|
||
the easiest of the two methods by which you can get these tools:
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Locate and download the <filename>*.sh</filename> at
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/yocto-&DISTRO;/buildtools/'></ulink>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Execute the installation script.
|
||
Here is an example:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
|
||
choose the installation directory.
|
||
For example, you could choose the following:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
/home/<replaceable>your-username</replaceable>/buildtools
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Source the tools environment setup script by using a
|
||
command like the following:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
|
||
sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
After you have sourced the setup script,
|
||
the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
|
||
and any other environment variables required to run the
|
||
tools are initialized.
|
||
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
|
||
Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='building-your-own-buildtools-tarball'>
|
||
<title>Building Your Own <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Building and running your own buildtools installer applies
|
||
only when you have a build host that can already run BitBake.
|
||
In this case, you use that machine to build the
|
||
<filename>.sh</filename> file and then
|
||
take steps to transfer and run it on a
|
||
machine that does not meet the minimal Git, tar, and Python
|
||
requirements.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Here are the steps to take to build and run your own
|
||
buildtools installer:
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
On the machine that is able to run BitBake,
|
||
be sure you have set up your build environment with
|
||
the setup script
|
||
(<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Run the BitBake command to build the tarball:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ bitbake buildtools-tarball
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
<note>
|
||
The
|
||
<link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>
|
||
variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
|
||
determines whether you build tools for a 32-bit
|
||
or 64-bit system.
|
||
</note>
|
||
Once the build completes, you can find the
|
||
<filename>.sh</filename> file that installs
|
||
the tools in the <filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename>
|
||
subdirectory of the
|
||
<link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
|
||
The installer file has the string "buildtools"
|
||
in the name.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Transfer the <filename>.sh</filename> file from the
|
||
build host to the machine that does not meet the
|
||
Git, tar, or Python requirements.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
On the machine that does not meet the requirements,
|
||
run the <filename>.sh</filename> file
|
||
to install the tools.
|
||
Here is an example:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
|
||
choose the installation directory.
|
||
For example, you could choose the following:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
/home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Source the tools environment setup script by using a
|
||
command like the following:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
|
||
sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
After you have sourced the setup script,
|
||
the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
|
||
and any other environment variables required to run the
|
||
tools are initialized.
|
||
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
|
||
Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='intro-getit'>
|
||
<title>Obtaining the Yocto Project</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Yocto Project development team makes the Yocto Project available through a number
|
||
of methods:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Source Repositories:</emphasis>
|
||
Working from a copy of the upstream
|
||
<filename>poky</filename> repository is the
|
||
preferred method for obtaining and using a Yocto Project
|
||
release.
|
||
You can view the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
|
||
In particular, you can find the
|
||
<filename>poky</filename> repository at
|
||
<ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Releases:</emphasis> Stable, tested
|
||
releases are available as tarballs through
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/'/>.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Nightly Builds:</emphasis> These
|
||
tarball releases are available at
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_AB_NIGHTLY_URL;'/>.
|
||
These builds include Yocto Project releases, SDK installation
|
||
scripts, and experimental builds.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Website:</emphasis> You can
|
||
find tarball releases of the Yocto Project and supported BSPs
|
||
at the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website</ulink>.
|
||
Along with these downloads, you can find lots of other
|
||
information at this site.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='intro-getit-dev'>
|
||
<title>Development Checkouts</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Development using the Yocto Project requires a local
|
||
<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
|
||
You can set up the Source Directory by cloning a copy of the upstream
|
||
<link linkend='poky'>poky</link> Git repository.
|
||
For information on how to do this, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#working-with-yocto-project-source-files'>Working With Yocto Project Source Files</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='yocto-project-terms'>
|
||
<title>Yocto Project Terms</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Following is a list of terms and definitions users new to the Yocto
|
||
Project development environment might find helpful.
|
||
While some of these terms are universal, the list includes them
|
||
just in case:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Append Files:</emphasis>
|
||
Files that append build information to a recipe file.
|
||
Append files are known as BitBake append files and
|
||
<filename>.bbappend</filename> files.
|
||
The OpenEmbedded build system expects every append file to have
|
||
a corresponding recipe (<filename>.bb</filename>) file.
|
||
Furthermore, the append file and corresponding recipe file
|
||
must use the same root filename.
|
||
The filenames can differ only in the file type suffix used
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<filename>formfactor_0.0.bb</filename> and
|
||
<filename>formfactor_0.0.bbappend</filename>).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Information in append files extends or overrides the
|
||
information in the similarly-named recipe file.
|
||
For an example of an append file in use, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files in Your Layer</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
|
||
<note>
|
||
Append files can also use wildcard patterns in their
|
||
version numbers so they can be applied to more than one
|
||
version of the underlying recipe file.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='bitbake-term'>
|
||
<emphasis>BitBake:</emphasis>
|
||
The task executor and scheduler used by the OpenEmbedded build
|
||
system to build images.
|
||
For more information on BitBake, see the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para id='build-directory'>
|
||
<emphasis>Build Directory:</emphasis>
|
||
This term refers to the area used by the OpenEmbedded build
|
||
system for builds.
|
||
The area is created when you <filename>source</filename> the
|
||
setup environment script that is found in the Source Directory
|
||
(i.e. <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>).
|
||
The
|
||
<link linkend='var-TOPDIR'><filename>TOPDIR</filename></link>
|
||
variable points to the Build Directory.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>You have a lot of flexibility when creating the Build
|
||
Directory.
|
||
Following are some examples that show how to create the
|
||
directory.
|
||
The examples assume your
|
||
<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> is
|
||
named <filename>poky</filename>:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>Create the Build Directory inside your
|
||
Source Directory and let the name of the Build
|
||
Directory default to <filename>build</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ cd $HOME/poky
|
||
$ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Create the Build Directory inside your
|
||
home directory and specifically name it
|
||
<filename>test-builds</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ cd $HOME
|
||
$ source poky/&OE_INIT_FILE; test-builds
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Provide a directory path and specifically name the
|
||
Build Directory.
|
||
Any intermediate folders in the pathname must exist.
|
||
This next example creates a Build Directory named
|
||
<filename>YP-&POKYVERSION;</filename>
|
||
in your home directory within the existing
|
||
directory <filename>mybuilds</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$cd $HOME
|
||
$ source $HOME/poky/&OE_INIT_FILE; $HOME/mybuilds/YP-&POKYVERSION;
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
<note>
|
||
By default, the Build Directory contains
|
||
<link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>,
|
||
which is a temporary directory the build system uses for
|
||
its work.
|
||
<filename>TMPDIR</filename> cannot be under NFS.
|
||
Thus, by default, the Build Directory cannot be under NFS.
|
||
However, if you need the Build Directory to be under NFS,
|
||
you can set this up by setting <filename>TMPDIR</filename>
|
||
in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
|
||
to use a local drive.
|
||
Doing so effectively separates <filename>TMPDIR</filename>
|
||
from <filename>TOPDIR</filename>, which is the Build
|
||
Directory.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Classes:</emphasis>
|
||
Files that provide for logic encapsulation and inheritance so
|
||
that commonly used patterns can be defined once and then
|
||
easily used in multiple recipes.
|
||
For reference information on the Yocto Project classes, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>" chapter.
|
||
Class files end with the <filename>.bbclass</filename>
|
||
filename extension.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Configuration File:</emphasis>
|
||
Configuration information in various <filename>.conf</filename>
|
||
files provides global definitions of variables.
|
||
The <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> configuration file in
|
||
the
|
||
<link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
|
||
contains user-defined variables that affect every build.
|
||
The <filename>meta-poky/conf/distro/poky.conf</filename>
|
||
configuration file defines Yocto "distro" configuration
|
||
variables used only when building with this policy.
|
||
Machine configuration files, which
|
||
are located throughout the
|
||
<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>, define
|
||
variables for specific hardware and are only used when building
|
||
for that target (e.g. the
|
||
<filename>machine/beaglebone.conf</filename> configuration
|
||
file defines variables for the Texas Instruments ARM Cortex-A8
|
||
development board).
|
||
Configuration files end with a <filename>.conf</filename>
|
||
filename extension.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='cross-development-toolchain'>
|
||
<emphasis>Cross-Development Toolchain:</emphasis>
|
||
In general, a cross-development toolchain is a collection of
|
||
software development tools and utilities that run on one
|
||
architecture and allow you to develop software for a
|
||
different, or targeted, architecture.
|
||
These toolchains contain cross-compilers, linkers, and
|
||
debuggers that are specific to the target architecture.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The Yocto Project supports two different cross-development
|
||
toolchains:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
A toolchain only used by and within
|
||
BitBake when building an image for a target
|
||
architecture.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>A relocatable toolchain used outside of
|
||
BitBake by developers when developing applications
|
||
that will run on a targeted device.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Creation of these toolchains is simple and automated.
|
||
For information on toolchain concepts as they apply to the
|
||
Yocto Project, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
You can also find more information on using the
|
||
relocatable toolchain in the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK)</ulink>
|
||
manual.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Image:</emphasis>
|
||
An image is an artifact of the BitBake build process given
|
||
a collection of recipes and related Metadata.
|
||
Images are the binary output that run on specific hardware or
|
||
QEMU and are used for specific use-cases.
|
||
For a list of the supported image types that the Yocto Project
|
||
provides, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>"
|
||
chapter.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Layer:</emphasis>
|
||
A collection of recipes representing the core,
|
||
a BSP, or an application stack.
|
||
For a discussion specifically on BSP Layers, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP)
|
||
Developer's Guide.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='metadata'>
|
||
<emphasis>Metadata:</emphasis>
|
||
The files that BitBake parses when building an image.
|
||
In general, Metadata includes recipes, classes, and
|
||
configuration files.
|
||
In the context of the kernel ("kernel Metadata"), the
|
||
term refers to the kernel config fragments and features
|
||
contained in the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/yocto-kernel-cache'><filename>yocto-kernel-cache</filename></ulink>
|
||
Git repository.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='oe-core'>
|
||
<emphasis>OE-Core:</emphasis>
|
||
A core set of Metadata originating with OpenEmbedded (OE)
|
||
that is shared between OE and the Yocto Project.
|
||
This Metadata is found in the <filename>meta</filename>
|
||
directory of the
|
||
<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='build-system-term'>
|
||
<emphasis>OpenEmbedded Build System:</emphasis>
|
||
The build system specific to the Yocto Project.
|
||
The OpenEmbedded build system is based on another project known
|
||
as "Poky", which uses
|
||
<link linkend='bitbake-term'>BitBake</link> as the task
|
||
executor.
|
||
Throughout the Yocto Project documentation set, the
|
||
OpenEmbedded build system is sometimes referred to simply
|
||
as "the build system".
|
||
If other build systems, such as a host or target build system
|
||
are referenced, the documentation clearly states the
|
||
difference.
|
||
<note>
|
||
For some historical information about Poky, see the
|
||
<link linkend='poky'>Poky</link> term.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Package:</emphasis>
|
||
In the context of the Yocto Project, this term refers to a
|
||
recipe's packaged output produced by BitBake (i.e. a
|
||
"baked recipe").
|
||
A package is generally the compiled binaries produced from the
|
||
recipe's sources.
|
||
You "bake" something by running it through BitBake.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>It is worth noting that the term "package" can,
|
||
in general, have subtle meanings.
|
||
For example, the packages referred to in the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#packages'>The Build Host Packages</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Quick Start are compiled binaries
|
||
that, when installed, add functionality to your Linux
|
||
distribution.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Another point worth noting is that historically within
|
||
the Yocto Project, recipes were referred to as packages - thus,
|
||
the existence of several BitBake variables that are seemingly
|
||
mis-named,
|
||
(e.g. <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>,
|
||
<link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>, and
|
||
<link linkend='var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></link>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Package Groups:</emphasis>
|
||
Arbitrary groups of software Recipes.
|
||
You use package groups to hold recipes that, when built,
|
||
usually accomplish a single task.
|
||
For example, a package group could contain the recipes for a
|
||
company’s proprietary or value-add software.
|
||
Or, the package group could contain the recipes that enable
|
||
graphics.
|
||
A package group is really just another recipe.
|
||
Because package group files are recipes, they end with the
|
||
<filename>.bb</filename> filename extension.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='poky'>
|
||
<emphasis>Poky:</emphasis>
|
||
The term "poky", which is pronounced
|
||
<emphasis>Pah</emphasis>-kee, can mean several things:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
In its most general sense, poky is an open-source
|
||
project that was initially developed by OpenedHand.
|
||
OpenedHand developed poky off of the existing
|
||
OpenEmbedded build system to create a commercially
|
||
supportable build system for embedded Linux.
|
||
After Intel Corporation acquired OpenedHand, the
|
||
poky project became the basis for the Yocto Project's
|
||
build system.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Within the Yocto Project
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repositories</ulink>,
|
||
"poky" exists as a separate Git
|
||
repository from which you can clone to yield a local
|
||
Git repository that is a copy on your host system.
|
||
Thus, "poky" can refer to the upstream or
|
||
local copy of the files used for development within
|
||
the Yocto Project.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Finally, "poky" can refer to the default
|
||
<link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>
|
||
(i.e. distribution) created when you use the Yocto
|
||
Project in conjunction with the
|
||
<filename>poky</filename> repository to build an image.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Recipe:</emphasis>
|
||
A set of instructions for building packages.
|
||
A recipe describes where you get source code, which patches
|
||
to apply, how to configure the source, how to compile it and so on.
|
||
Recipes also describe dependencies for libraries or for other
|
||
recipes.
|
||
Recipes represent the logical unit of execution, the software
|
||
to build, the images to build, and use the
|
||
<filename>.bb</filename> file extension.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para id='source-directory'>
|
||
<emphasis>Source Directory:</emphasis>
|
||
This term refers to the directory structure created as a result
|
||
of creating a local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git
|
||
repository <filename>git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</filename>
|
||
or expanding a released <filename>poky</filename> tarball.
|
||
<note>
|
||
Creating a local copy of the <filename>poky</filename>
|
||
Git repository is the recommended method for setting up
|
||
your Source Directory.
|
||
</note>
|
||
Sometimes you might hear the term "poky directory" used to refer
|
||
to this directory structure.
|
||
<note>
|
||
The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or
|
||
directory names that contain spaces.
|
||
Be sure that the Source Directory you use does not contain
|
||
these types of names.
|
||
</note></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The Source Directory contains BitBake, Documentation,
|
||
Metadata and other files that all support the Yocto Project.
|
||
Consequently, you must have the Source Directory in place on
|
||
your development system in order to do any development using
|
||
the Yocto Project.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When you create a local copy of the Git repository, you
|
||
can name the repository anything you like.
|
||
Throughout much of the documentation, "poky"
|
||
is used as the name of the top-level folder of the local copy of
|
||
the poky Git repository.
|
||
So, for example, cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git
|
||
repository results in a local Git repository whose top-level
|
||
folder is also named "poky".</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>While it is not recommended that you use tarball expansion
|
||
to set up the Source Directory, if you do, the top-level
|
||
directory name of the Source Directory is derived from the
|
||
Yocto Project release tarball.
|
||
For example, downloading and unpacking
|
||
<filename>&YOCTO_POKY_TARBALL;</filename> results in a
|
||
Source Directory whose root folder is named
|
||
<filename>&YOCTO_POKY;</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>It is important to understand the differences between the
|
||
Source Directory created by unpacking a released tarball as
|
||
compared to cloning
|
||
<filename>git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</filename>.
|
||
When you unpack a tarball, you have an exact copy of the files
|
||
based on the time of release - a fixed release point.
|
||
Any changes you make to your local files in the Source Directory
|
||
are on top of the release and will remain local only.
|
||
On the other hand, when you clone the <filename>poky</filename>
|
||
Git repository, you have an active development repository with
|
||
access to the upstream repository's branches and tags.
|
||
In this case, any local changes you make to the local
|
||
Source Directory can be later applied to active development
|
||
branches of the upstream <filename>poky</filename> Git
|
||
repository.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For more information on concepts related to Git
|
||
repositories, branches, and tags, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='repositories-tags-and-branches'>Repositories, Tags, and Branches</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Task:</emphasis>
|
||
A unit of execution for BitBake (e.g.
|
||
<link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>,
|
||
<link linkend='ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></link>,
|
||
<link linkend='ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></link>,
|
||
and so forth).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para id='toaster-term'><emphasis>Toaster:</emphasis>
|
||
A web interface to the Yocto Project's
|
||
<link linkend='build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded Build System</link>.
|
||
The interface enables you to configure and run your builds.
|
||
Information about builds is collected and stored in a database.
|
||
For information on Toaster, see the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Yocto Project Toaster Manual</ulink>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<emphasis>Upstream:</emphasis>
|
||
A reference to source code or repositories
|
||
that are not local to the development system but located in a
|
||
master area that is controlled by the maintainer of the source
|
||
code.
|
||
For example, in order for a developer to work on a particular
|
||
piece of code, they need to first get a copy of it from an
|
||
"upstream" source.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
<!--
|
||
vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
|
||
-->
|